ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND SCENARIOS OF URBANIZATION IN ARID AREA——A Case Study in Wuwei City of Gansu Province

1IN T R O D U C T IO N The western China isfacinggrowing problems of eco- logicaland economic development. The disparitiebse- tween the socio-economy of the western and eastern China were enlarging, and the major ecologicalprob- lems stilelvolve as past(H…     

CATASTROPHIC ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN THE SONGNEN PLAIN, NORTHEASTERN CHINA SINCE 1900S

Although the Songnen Plain in the northeastern China was developed relatively late in the temperate zone of the world, its eco-environment has changed greatly. This paper analyzes the changes of land cover and the rates and trends ofdesertification during the past 100 years in the Songnen Plain. According to the macroscopic analysis, we find that the eco-environment in the plain has reached to the threshold of catastrophic change since the 1950s. The Thorn Needle Catastrophic Model was used to determine and validate this conclusion. Human activities, including large-scale construction projects, such as huge dams and dikes, and excessive grazing were the primary factors contributing to regional eco-environmental catastrophe. And irrational reclamation of the wilderness also affected the eco-environmental change. The results reveal the complex human-land interactions.     

渤海湾天津近岸海域水环境空间变异分析

由于海岸带的地理条件和海洋动力特性的复杂性以及人类开发活动对海岸带的影响,近岸海域的生态环境系统在空间分布上有很大的变异性.基于现场实测资料,建立系统的空间变异分析模型,对海岸带生态环境空间变化规律进行分析,可以充分了解不同区域的污染特征和变化趋势.应用所构建的空间变异分析模型对渤海湾天津近岸海域的水环境特性进行分析,结合对应年份的入海流量及其变化,分析了天津渤海湾海岸带污染的主因子和区域水环境的分布特征,结果可以对海洋功能区的划分和水环境综合评价结果进行验证和补充.     

Studies on environment protection of vanadium exploitation in open air

Vanadium, improving mechanism and jointing capacity of steel products, is a kind of excellent additive during steel-making and its industry gets support from national industry policy. On account of shallow buried depth and low technique request of exploitation, there is much exploitation by local people lacking system management and technique guidance in area rich in vanadium since years ago, which damages regional environment dramatically. Accordingly, taking stone coal-vanadium as an example, the paper focuses on environment impact on water environment and eco-environment caused by exploitation in open air. Impact of exploitation on surface water mainly includes mining drainage and eluviated water of stock yard. According to civilian exploitation in the area, the rock suffers man-made disturbance, therefore, water quality indicators of mining drainage like heavy metal, permanganate, CI, SO4^2-, F are able to be analogies of ground water quantity in the region since the primary component of drainage is surrounding rock ground water. Water monitoring result of local well shows as follows： pH 6.68, SO4^2- 5.76 mg/L, F- 0.005 mg/L, Fe 0.025 mg/L, Mo 8.08 μg/L, Ni 5.91 μg/L, Co 0.61 μg/L, and all of them reach corresponding standard of water quality. Ground water turns into acid mine water by oxygenation after it discharges and with the help of sulfur the acid water contains nocuous elements which permeate in groundwater and surface water arousing pollution. The value of pH in the range of standard indicates that the acidification of mine water is relatively weak in the diggings. Eco-environment damage is another aspect that cannot be ignored, it acts as： （1） peeling work and establishment construction destroy landform; （2） stack of waste soil and rock occupies amounts of land; （3） various exploitation activities like vegetation peeling, landform change will enlarge the scope or enhance the intensity of soil erosion, which destroys eco-environment by leading water and soil loss;     

全国资源与生态环境遥感监测数据管理与应用服务系统设计

为推动资源与生态环境遥感监测数据的应用与服务,为国家、相关行业管理决策和社会公众提供有价值的信息,需要在资源与生态环境遥感监测成果数据基础上,开发数据管理与应用服务系统。本文从国家资源与生态环境建设的实际需求出发,结合国土资源部实施的环北京地区资源与生态环境遥感监测成果,探讨资源与生态环境遥感监测数据管理与应用服务的技术解决方案,搭建资源与生态环境遥感监测数据管理与应用服务技术平台,并实现网络环境下对资源与生态环境监测形成的各种类型数据的集成化管理。     

贵州喀斯特地区生态环境恶化的人为因素分析

贵州是喀斯特强烈发育的省区。由于人类活动的影响，近年来贵州喀斯特地区的生态环境出现了日益恶化的趋势，严重影响可持续发展甚至西部大开发战略的顺利实施。本阐述了喀斯地区生态环境恶化的现状，深入探讨了人为因素对喀斯特地区生态环境恶化的影响，为防止喀斯特地区生态环境进一步恶化提供科学依据。     

我国西部地区中小企业发展的环境效应及其约束-引导机制

本文从中小企业发展在我国西部开发中的作用入手 ,针对西部地区生态环境特点及其中小企业发展产生的问题 ,重点分析了中小企业发展与生态环境保护之间的关系 ,对现行的生态环境保护政策的理念进行了全新的思考。明确了促进西部中小企业发展的基本战略 ,并就西部中小企业发展过程中建立非理性作用的约束 -引导机制提出了政策建议。     

停止开采深层地下水 修复与改善生态环境

沧州市水资源短缺，深层地下水严重超采，已形成大面积区域地下水位降落漏斗，地面沉降已达2m，生态环境严重恶化．为保障经济社会的可持续发展，要积极引调地表水，开发利用地下咸水，加强雨洪控制利用，逐步替代最后终止深层地下水的开采。从根本上修复和改善生态环境。     

松嫩平原西部草原生态环境专家系统开发与应用

我国草原生态环境日益恶化,要求加快研究进度,而培养专家周期长,寻找草原环境评价专家的替代或复制品就成了当务之急。笔者在听取大量专家意见并详细分析了相关资料后,通过快速原型与增量式开发建立了松嫩平原西部草原生态环境专家系统。本专家系统使用功能强大的VisualC++完成数据库的建立、知识的表示、推理机的设计、解释的给出和人机交互界面的形成,实现了数据信息的可视化、图形显示、结果输出以及其它系统功能。它包含大量的松嫩平原西部草原现状资料、遥感解译图及系统的环境现状评价、适宜性评价、土地退化程度评价等模块。通过在长岭县、大安市的应用测试,证明该系统运行稳定,结论正确,应用前景广阔。     

山西地下水开发引起生态环境恶化状况分析

地下水在山西国民经济发展中的地位极为重要,多年不合理的开采已形成了严重超采局面,并引起了一系列生态环境恶化问题.本文通过对山西地下水开发引起的生态环境恶化状况分析,阐述了合理开发利用地下水资源的必要性.