GPS/GLONASS定位系统融合的坐标转换研究

GPS和GLONASS卫星定位系统分别采用WGS-84和PZ-90坐标系。为统一两种卫星定位成果,欧、美、俄于20世纪90年代各自求出两坐标系之间的转换参数。目前三种参数尚未统一,对GPS/GLONASS联合定位造成较大影响。本文针对国外介绍PZ-90和WGS-84坐标系相互转换时常用的转换模型及三种不同转换参数进行比较分析。分别选用地面GPS参考站坐标和GLONASS卫星轨道坐标,用三种坐标转换参数进行转换,对转换结果差异及其对单点定位和相对定位精度造成的影响进行全面分析比较,得出一些有益结论。     

Construction of Green's function to the external Dirichlet boundary-value problem for the Laplace equation on an ellipsoid of revolution

Green's function to the external Dirichlet boundary-value problem for the Laplace equation with data distributed on an ellipsoid of revolution has been constructed in a closed form. The ellipsoidal Poisson kernel describing the effect of the ellipticity of the boundary on the solution of the investigated boundary-value problem has been expressed as a finite sum of elementary functions which describe analytically the behaviour of the ellipsoidal Poisson kernel at the singular point ψ = 0. We have shown that the degree of singularity of the ellipsoidal Poisson kernel in the vicinity of its singular point is of the same degree as that of the original spherical Poisson kernel. Received: 4 June 1996 / Accepted: 7 April 1997     

Seismic moment tensor representations and radiation patterns in unbounded media with elipsoidal cavities driven by low frequency pressure

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The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

椭球谐和球谐系数之间一个简单的转换关系

本文推导的椭球谐系数和球谐系数相互之间转换关系的核心思想是在ε~2量级下利用Legendre函数的正交性,从球谐系数求解的积分表示出发,将积分中的椭球坐标变量与球坐标变量相互转换,从而得出椭球谐系数与球谐系数之间的转换关系。本文导出的转换关系有以下优点:①对于第二类Legendre函数的计算采用Laurent级数表示,使计算第二类Legendre函数更为简单;②保留了ε~2量级下,导出的转换关系相比文献[2]的形式更简单,满足物理大地测量边值问题线性化的要求;③顾及了余纬和归化余纬的区别。     

2000国家大地坐标系椭球参数与GRS 80和WGS 84的比较

根据2000国家大地坐标系(CGCS 2000)的定义及其所定义的4个基本椭球常数,推导CGCS 2000椭球的主要几何和物理参数,比较这些参数与GRS 80和WGS 84椭球相应参数之间的差异,给出CGCS 2000椭球与GRS 80及WGS 84椭球定义的正常重力值的差异,并分析在CGCS 2000及WGS 84系下同一点坐标的差异.研究表明:CGCS 2000椭球上的正常重力值与GRS 80,WGS 84椭球上的正常重力值的差值分别约为-143.54×10-8m/s2和0.02×10-8m/s2.同一点在CGCS 2000与GRS 80和WGS 84下经度相同,纬度的最大差值分别为8.26×10-11"(相当于2.5×10-6 mm)和3.6×10-6"(相当于0.11 mm).     

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精确高程异常的确定

本文在顾及局部地形改正、椭球改正及大气改正的情况下,采用实测数据,应用Meissel方法和Wenzel频谱分析方法,对某盆地边缘的高程异常进行了实际计算。并将计算结果同多普勒高程异常进行了比较,证明结果是良好的。此外还对我国精确高程异常的确定提出了一些建议。     

基于同名点对的小面元影像微分纠正及融合方法

多源遥感影像数据融合是提高海量遥感影像数据利用率，获取更多决策辅助信息的有效手段之一。目前一些商业遥感图像处理软件在进行多源遥感影像融合时，存在效率低、精度难以达到实用要求等问题。本文提卅了基于图像线特征的遥感影像精确配准、纠正、融合新方法，该方法运用线特征算法提取图像边缘特征点作为控制点，然后通过全自动图像匹配获取密集同名点对，由这些同名点对构成密集三角网（小面元）实现影像精确配准；最后进行影像纠正融合处理。大量实践表明，该方法是一种高效实用、高精度的遥感影像配准、纠正、融合方法，能大大改善山区等特殊地区的配准精度。