短期饥饿胁迫下（鱼免）鱼（Miichthys miiuy）早期生活阶段的生长及消化酶活性研究

采用实验生态学方法,研究了饥饿胁迫对（鱼免）鱼（1—7日龄前期仔鱼,26—35日龄后期仔鱼,42—53日龄稚鱼）的生长、存活及消化酶（淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶）活性的变化。结果表明,短期饥饿（2天）会显著降低前期仔鱼生长及消化酶活性;在后期仔鱼和稚鱼中,产生这种影响的饥饿时间分别为饥饿后3和6天,表明（鱼免）鱼仔、稚鱼...     

Allozyme genotypes and tolerance to copper stress in Hediste diversicolor (Polychaeta: Nereididae)

This study analysed the occurrence of genotypic shifts in laboratory populations of Hediste diversicolor (Polychaeta: Nereididae) exposed to copper stress. Specimens of H. diversicolor were collected at three sites, up to 10 km apart, in the estuarine area of the Pialassa lagoons (North Adriatic Sea, Italy) and were used in acute toxicity tests. Specimens were assigned to copper exposure (0.34 mg/l Cu2+) or control conditions. Each combination of Treatment and Site was replicated in two tanks containing 35 specimens of H. diversicolor. The genotypic structure of both dead and survived specimens was analysed by allozyme electrophoresis at six loci (ALD, FH, HBDH LDH, PGI, SDH). Under copper exposure, specimens with the genotypes ALD100/100 and PGI102/102 had significantly lower mortalities than other genotypes Results were consistent across the three sites, suggesting that, under laboratory conditions, effects of copper stress on H. diversicolor is related to individual genotypes at ALD and PGI loci.     

Potential vulnerability of Namaqualand plant diversity to anthropogenic climate change

We provide a position paper, using a brief literature review and some new modelling results for a subset of succulent plant species, which explores why Namaqualand plant diversity might be particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic climate change despite presumed species resilience under arid conditions, and therefore a globally important test-bed for adaptive conservation strategies. The Pleistocene climate-related evolutionary history of this region in particular may predispose Namaqualand (and Succulent Karoo) plant endemics to projected climate change impacts. Key Succulent Karoo plant lineages originated during cool Pleistocene times, and projected air temperatures under anthropogenic climate change are likely to exceed these significantly. Projected rainfall patterns are less certain, and projections of the future prevalence of coastal fog are lacking, but if either of these water inputs is reduced in concert with rising temperatures, this seems certain to threaten the persistence of, at least, narrow-endemic plant species. Simple modelling approaches show strong reduction in spatial extent of bioclimates typical of Namaqualand within the next five decades and that both generalist species with large geographic ranges, and narrow-range endemics may be susceptible to climate change induced loss of potential range. Persistence of endemics in micro-habitats that are buffered from extreme climate conditions cannot be discounted, though no attempts have been made to address this shortcoming of broader scale bioclimatic modelling. The few experimental data available on elevated temperature and drought tolerance suggest susceptibility of leaf succulent species, but high drought tolerance of non-succulent shrubs. Both species-level monitoring and further experimental work is essential to test and refine projections of climate change impacts on species persistence, and the implications for conservation.     

Photosynthetic responses to Cu2+ exposure are independent of light acclimation and uncoupled from growth inhibition in Fucus serratus (Phaeophyceae)

We have studied the effect of light acclimation on photosynthetic responses and growth during Cu²⁺ exposure (0–0.84 μM) in the brown seaweed Fucus serratus. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed that Cu²⁺ exposure amplified ETR, reduced the chlorophyll content at the cellular level and that there was no effect of light adaptation on the Cu²⁺ resistance of the algae. In contrast to the inhibitory effects of Cu²⁺ on chlorophyll fluorescence, O₂ evolution and the total content of chlorophyll and carotenoid of the algae was unaffected by Cu²⁺. We conclude that photoinhibition and perhaps pigment degradation in the meristoderm was compensated for by cells deeper in the thallus with the result that the overall photosynthetic fitness of the algae was maintained. The pronounced inhibitory effects of Cu²⁺ on algae growth was not a consequence of photoinhibition and could be attributed to direct inhibitory effects on the growth process.     

图斑面积量算的精度分析

本文讨论了从图上或航空象片上用不同工具按不同方法量取图斑面积时的误差估算问题,并用大量实验数据对理论公式进行了验证,得到了几种主要的面积计量工具(数字化器、数字坐标仪、分划求积仪、格网片)的采样点精度参数和面积计量的精度估算式。最后认为:解析类工具计量面积的精度估算式均具有m_p=m·p~(1/2)的形式;用具有数据自动传输的解析类工具进行面积计量无需重复观测;把格网片当成解析类工具使用能有效地提高面积计量精度,同时建议采用本文所述方法确定各类工具的采样点误差参数,从而采用灵活而合理的限羞规定,以提高面积计量的作业效率。     

基准转换时工艺尺寸换算的一种新方法

采用尺寸公差双向标注和利用尺寸链关系图来求解基准转换时的工艺尺寸换算问题，对工艺尺寸公差的分配提出了一种与传统不同方法，并给出了计算实例。     

Ashtech扼流圈天线相位中心稳定性的检验

接收机天线相位偏差是GPS定位中一项重要的误差源，其影响值可达数毫米至数厘米，为了解接收机天线性能及稳定性等方面的情况，在出测前后一般对相位中心的稳定性进行检验。目前已采用两种方法对Ashtech扼流圈天线相位中心稳定性进行了测试，证明了AshtechZ-12型接收机天线满足限差要求及试验方法的可行性，本文将就此作具体介绍。     

A comparison of acute and chronic toxicity tests used to examine the temporal stability of a gradient in copper tolerance of Hediste diversicolor from the Fal estuary, Cornwall, UK

The aim of this study was to use two different toxicity tests to verify the existence of a gradient in tolerance along Rostronguet Creek. Hediste diversicolor was collected from five populations in the Fal estuary previously shown to vary in copper tolerance. Exposure to 4 mgL(-1) of copper in an acute assay demonstrated that Mylor Creek worms were sensitive (LT(50) 86 h) and the tolerance of Rostronguet Creek worms increased moving upstream from the mouth of the creek (LT(50)s 100-258 h). There was no significant difference in tolerance between Mylor worms and worms from the mouth of Rostronguet Creek. This is in agreement with a previous study [Grant, A., Hateley, J.G., Jones, N.V., 1989. Mapping the ecological impact of heavy metals on the estuarine polychaete Nereis diversicolor using inherited metal tolerance. Marine Pollution Bulletin 20, 235-238] and demonstrates temporal stability of the gradient. Copper tolerance was also measured using a chronic toxicity test run for 90 d using step-wise increases in challenge concentration. A significant difference in tolerance was shown between populations from Mylor Creek and those at the mouth of Rostronguet Creek, which has not been reported previously. Experimental protocol was therefore an important factor in detecting population variation in tolerance.     

分形在快速测绘保障中的应用

通过分形理论在ＭＧＩＳ研究中的应用，论述了用１：２５万地图数据库快速生成小比例尺地图的基本算法以及用此方法进行快速自动综合的优越性。