西湖茶园茶叶铅污染铅同位素示踪

通过对西湖茶园的植物和土壤样品进行一系列的调查,以着力寻找茶叶的铅污染源。利用铅同位素技术对西湖茶园的土壤、茶叶和城区的燃煤、大气气溶胶、汽车尾气进行铅同位素示踪研究。研究表明,茶园土壤铅物质的可溶相具同源性和残查态偏于多源性。清洗后的茶叶铅含量显著降低,但其同位素组成不发生明显改变,显示出茶叶中的铅与叶面空气沉降物中的铅同源。不同介质铅同位素对比值平均值呈现表土、大气(气溶胶)、煤的w(²⁰⁶Pb)/w(²⁰⁷Pb)与茶叶趋于相近,汽油低之;表土、大气(气溶胶)、汽油的w(²⁰⁸Pb)/〔w(²⁰⁶Pb)+w(²⁰⁷Pb)〕与茶叶趋于相近,煤略高之。不同区域茶叶铅物质具同源性,与种植的农业地质背景无关。在煤燃烧、气化过程中,Pb进入大气,通过大气沉降或被茶树吸收或附着在茶叶叶面;汽车尾气的排放是茶树铅污染的重要原因之一。     

Statistical characterization of frost zones: Case of tea freeze damage in the Kenyan highlands

Frequent frost occurrences in the Kenyan highlands have had devastating effects on agricultural productivity. With inadequate management systems to mitigate the impacts, farmers have often had to bear the burden of losses resulting from frost damage. While agriculture in Kenya remains dependent on weather and climate, the agricultural economy of Kenya continues to suffer, underscoring the need for building local knowledge as basis for development of early warning systems. The current paper attempts to delineate frost zones by statistically characterizing them based on known risk factors related to topography (elevation, convexity, aspect, upslope flow length) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Through binary logistic regression, a logistic regression model was developed utilizing observation data (frost occurrence and non-occurrence) as a binary dependent variable to estimate the probability of frost occurrence. Assuming a 0.5 probability cut-off threshold between frost occurrence and non-occurrence, an overall accuracy of 81% with area under Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) Curve of 0.88 was obtained. No evidence of lack of model fit was detected. This model outperforms the currently operational model that utilizes MODIS LST alone to detect frost zones in the Kenyan tea plantations. It provides an improved method for effective delineation of frost zones by incorporating local topographic characteristics.     

文化经济视角下景迈山芒景村布朗族山康茶祖节的重构

在现代社会,文化变迁遵从资本逻辑,节庆的重构受到经济导向的影响。论文以云南省景迈山芒景村布朗族的“山康茶祖节”为研究对象,于2015年1月、2016年4月、2017年4月、2018年1月进行了4次田野调查,采用参与式观察和非参与式观察与当地居民、政府工作人员、外地游客共计38人进行深度访谈,探讨了节庆重构的过程与机制。研究发现：山康茶祖节重构了布朗族2大文化体系,即茶祖文化和茶魂文化。节庆蕴含的文化成为市场经济中的文化符号,产生了经济价值,经济成为地方文化形成的外部驱动力,“在地者”民族文化认同成为地方文化形成的深层内部驱动力。节庆表征了当地民族文化,促进了茶经济的发展,改善了“在地者”的生活,山康茶祖节成功地将文化与经济融合起来,丰富了节庆的内涵。研究探讨了传统节庆在经济导向下的文化重构,深入揭示了节庆的内涵演变,有助于扩展传统节庆的理论研究。     

皖南低丘茶园土壤动物群落结构研究

本文是1986年10月—1988年10月对皖南低丘茶园土壤动物群落结构调查和研究的结果。调查期间共获大、中、小型土壤动物9468个,分别隶属于6门13纲37类。其中线虫类、螨类和蚁类为优势类群;线蚓类、弹尾类、鞘翅类幼虫、双翅类幼虫、蜘蛛类为常见类群,两者共占全捕量的94.03％。中小型土壤动物平均密度为1—2万个/m~2,大型土壤动物密度为200—500个/m~2。30年树龄茶园土壤动物群落的组成和数量最丰富,多样性、均匀性和密度-类群指数最高,其变化规律一般是30年茶园>20年茶园>15年茶园;7年树龄茶园群落土壤动物个体数虽少,但组成并不贫乏,且分布均匀,故多样性与密度-类群指数较高。土壤结构较好的黄红壤茶园各项指数大于土层薄、排水不良的黄棕壤茶园。群落各项指数秋季均大于春季。     

Fair Trade Rooibos tea: Connecting South African producers and American consumer markets

This article analyzes the recent growth and configuration of Fair Trade networks connecting South African Rooibos tea producers with American consumer markets. As we demonstrate, Fair Trade’s growth in the Rooibos sector engages key issues of black empowerment, land reform, and sustainable development in post-Apartheid South Africa. Fair Trade networks provide small-scale black Rooibos producers with critical markets. Most significantly, the Wupperthal and Heiveld cooperatives have upgraded into processing and packaging and their jointly owned Fairpackers facility now exports shelf-ready Rooibos tea. Analyzing the nature of US Fair Trade Rooibos buyers and their South African sourcing arrangements, we identify key variations in Fair Trade commitment and engagement between mission-driven and market-driven distributors. While mission-driven buyers engage small-scale Rooibos cooperatives in multifaceted partnership networks, market-driven buyers pursue conventional sourcing strategies favoring purchases from large plantations and exporters. We conclude that tensions between a radical and commercial orientation toward Fair Trade in Rooibos tea networks in many ways mirror those in the broader movement.     

尺度转换视角下易武斗茶会的构建与变迁

选取易武斗茶会为研究案例,以尺度转换为理论分析工具,通过参与式观察法和半结构化访谈法,深入分析易武斗茶会的发展历程并展示推动其发展演变的多元社会主体的不同行动与实践。研究发现：① 易武斗茶会的演变过程中存在2种尺度转换的方式,一种是为迎合普洱茶市场细分而进行的尺度下推,另一种是根据地方发展需求而进行的尺度上推。② 易武斗茶会尺度转换是在地方政府的推动、茶企的支持、茶农的配合以及茶客的偏好下共同驱动的。③ 多元主体的行动在推动易武斗茶会尺度转换的过程中满足了各自群体的利益诉求,地方依凭茶叶经济实现了本土发展。从节事的角度对中国茶文化进行深入分析研究,为茶村如何通过地方性节事活动实现本土发展提供理论依据与案例借鉴。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000405

This study has focused on the processes of soil degradation and chemical element concentration in tea-growing regions of Rwanda, Africa. Soil degradation accelerated by erosion is caused not only by topography but also by human activities. This soil degradation involves both the physical loss and reduction in the amount of topsoil associated with nutrient decline. Soil samples were collected from eleven tropical zones in Rwanda and from variable depth within each collecting site. Of these, Samples from three locations in each zone were analyzed in the laboratory, with the result that the pH of all soil samples is shown to be less than 5 (pH < 5) with a general average of 4.4. The elements such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) are present in high concentration levels. In contrast calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) are present at low-level concentrations and carbon (C) was found in minimal concentrations. In addition, elements derived from fertilizers, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) which is also from minerals such as feldspar, are also present in low-level concentrations. The results indicate that the soil in certain Rwandan tea plantations is acidic and that this level of pH may help explain, in addition to natural factors, the deficiency of some elements such as Ca, Mg, P and N. The use of chemical fertilizers, land use system and the location of fields relative to household plots are also considered to help explain why tea plantation soils are typically degraded.     

一次东北冷涡的天气学分析及基于HYSPLIT4模式的水汽通道特征

摘 要：利用连续一年旌德县负氧离子监测数据,分别以兔儿山公园、路西村茶园代表城市公园、高山茶园这两种生态环境,对城市公园和高山茶园负氧离子浓度特征以及气象要素对负氧离子浓度影响进行比较分析。结果表明：①高山茶园负氧离子浓度显著高于城市公园;②负氧离子浓度夏季最高,冬季最低,春秋季次之,6月负氧离子浓度达全年最高;③负氧离子浓度日变化整体呈“一峰一谷”变化趋势,峰值出现在上午,谷值出现在正午前后,夜间至上午负氧离子浓度较高,城市公园负氧离子浓度日较差较高山茶园偏小;④负氧离子浓度日变化与气温、风速呈显著负相关;⑤负氧离子浓度雨天最高,晴天次之,阴天和多云相对较低,暴雨天气条件下大气负氧离子浓度显著提高。     

海带病烂发生过程中的生理生化变化研究(Ⅱ)--PAL,PPO和多酚的变化

为进一步研究海带自然病烂过程中生理生化的变化,引入了高等植物抗病研究中常用的3个指标：苯丙氨酸转氨酶(phenylalanina ammonia—lyse,PAL)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)和多酚。在实验生态条件下,对三者在海带病烂过程中的变化进行了研究,结果表明,在海带幼苗由健康到病烂的过程中,海带PAL活性总体表现为下降趋势;PPO活性先升高后降低;多酚含量为下降趋势。经相关性分析,PAL与多酚相关性不显著,而PPO与多酚显著负相关(r=-0．619,p=0．014)。结合前期工作认为,SOD和PPO的联合表现可作为指示海带病烂发生的生物学指标。     

褐藻多酚的毒理学研究

目目前前的的研研究究普普遍遍认认为为 ,,人人体体老老化化导导致致癌癌症症、、心心脏脏病病、、脑脑中中风风等等疾疾病病主主要要是是由由于于自自由由基基未未能能得得到到有有效效清清除除造造成成的的。。因因此此 ,,如如果果食食物物中中含含有有丰丰富富的的抗抗氧氧化化物物质质 ,,就就具具有有益益寿寿延延年年的的作作用用 ,,在在某某种种程程度度上上 ,,可可以以将将现现代代抗抗氧氧化化与与抗抗自自由由基基理理论论看看作作““药药食食同同源源””的的分分子子水水平平解解释释。。植植物物含含有有丰丰富富的的自自由由…