合理尺度纹理分析遥感影像分类方法研究

纹理分析是提高遥感影像分类精度的重要手段之一。纹理特征与地物类别尺度密切相关,应用纹理特征进行遥感影像分类, 关键在于纹理尺度的确定。对于灰度共生矩阵纹理分析来说,就是选择大小合适的纹理窗口。根据样本半变异值在较小范围内有较 大变化的特性,研究遥感影像相邻像素之间的空间关系,将半变异值开始趋于恒值时所对应的步长作为纹理分析的窗口大小,并在 纹理特征提取过程中针对每一个像素,在最大似然分类结果的约束下,适时改变其窗口大小,提取纹理特征,提出一种合理尺度纹 理分析的遥感影像分类方法。最后,选择北京市昌平区2006年SPOT 5遥感影像,利用TitanImage二次开发环境实现了该方法。实践 证明,该方法能有效提高遥感影像的分类精度。     

Semi-variograms for modelling the spatial pattern of landform and soil properties

Many geomorphic properties can be treated as spatially-dependent random variables. Some are second-order stationary, others appear to vary without bound. In these circumstances their variation is best described by the semi-variogram. In most instances the semi-variogram can be modelled by a simple mathematical function, which itself is bounded for a stationary variable and unbounded otherwise. The function must be conditional negative semi-definite to be permissible. More complex variation can be represented by combining two or more permissible models. Sample semi-variograms of several landform and soil properties illustrate the common types of semi-variogram. Their form and parameters are interpreted in physical terms.     

Geostatistics of near-surface moisture in bare cultivated organic soils

The aim of this study was to characterise fine scale patterns of organic soil moisture content in the top 5 cm by means of semi-variogram modelling. Soil moisture content was observed along a transect on 2 occasions, early in the 1999 growing season to avoid any influences originating from vegetation and cultural practices. Soil moisture values were found to be normally distributed and were not significantly correlated with the soil organic matter content. Many similarities were depicted between the exponential semi-variograms characteristics of this study and another one in mineral soils, reported in the literature, except for the much higher sills associated with organic soils. Of particular interest were similar correlation lengths, indicating that a correlation range of the order of 100 m should be expected for mineral soils and for the level of moisture and organic matter contents found in this study.