Minimal Energy and Gravitation

Quantum theory in Robertson – Walker spacetime suggests the existence of a minimal energy ε of the order of 10⁻⁴⁵ erg. Reasonable forms for ε give the expansion factor R=R(t)(t= the cosmic time) with no need of gravitational field equations.Einstein's theory should be modified in gravitational fields of strength less than ε c/ħ ∼ 10⁻⁸ cm/s² where c is the speed of light and ħ is the reduced Planck constant. The cosmological term λ is expected to decrease as the universe expands.In the Appendix, ε is derived from a big bang – big crunch Newtonian cosmology.     

The equilibrium configuration of rapid rotating compact stars and some gravitational effects

In this paper, the equilibrium configurations of rapid rotating compact stars and some gravitational effects are studied within the general relativity by use of the Harrison-Wheeler equation of state and by the self-consistent field method. Numerical calculations show that the equilibrium configuration of a rotating star is a spheroid. For large spin velocities, say, ω > 3.0 × 10² sec⁻¹ the eccentricity and mass increase very rapidly as the angular velocity increases, for the critical angular velocity of the rotating star, the eccentricity is about 0.7, the increase in mass is about 10–35%. The difference of the gravitational redshifts at the surface of the star caused by rotation, and the difference of the light bending when the beam moves in the direction of rotation or in the opposite direction are obvious.     

五种植物提取液的抗鱼病菌和抗鱼病毒效应(英文)

本文旨在探索用廉价的野生植物防治鱼病。所用的植物有牛繁缕(Stellaria aqu-atica),双花凤仙(Impatiens biflora),夜来香(Oenothera biennis),艾草(Artem-isia vulgaris)和忍冬(Lonicera japonica)。用作试验的鱼病菌共13种(18个菌株),分属于气单孢菌属、假单孢菌属、爱德华氏菌属、耶尔森氏菌属、弧菌属。所用的鱼病毒为传染性胰脏坏死病毒IPNV,传染性造血组织坏死病毒IHNV。上述病原微生物均获自美国马里兰大学微生物系。实验结果表明,五种植物提取液均有不同程度的抗鱼病菌作用,其中以牛繁缕的抗菌谱最广,作用力最强。忍冬、艾草、牛繁缕有抗鱼病毒作用。其中以忍冬的效果最好,它能抑制IPNV和IHNV。而艾草和牛繁缕只能抑制IHNV。     

线性和非线性风应力对海-气耦合波的影响

在略去Ｒｅｙｌｅｉｇｈ摩擦和Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ冷却的条件下，采用定常的线性大气模式和半地转近似的非线性海洋模式，讨论了线性和非线性风应力对海－气耦合Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波的影响，结果表明，当耦合波处于非线性不稳定的情况下，线性和非线性风应力均可产生孤立波，不同之处在于，非线性风应力所产笺波图像具有间断特点，波能的急剧聚集有可能使波的性质发生变化。     

秦岭造山带新生代构造隆升与区域环境效应研究

据沉积，构造、地貌并结合地球物理资料综合研究认为，秦岭造山带新生代构造隆升是在中生代白垩纪晚期构造隆升基础上，于晚第三纪中新世迅速隆升，而早更新世早期则是新构造活动最强烈时期。秦岭造山带的新生代构造隆升的方式主要有地垒式、掀斜式、振荡式和翘板式4种。诱发这一地区新构造抬升的主要原因和动力学机制是华北地块自北而南，扬子地块自南而北相向向秦岭造山带之下陆内俯冲和秦岭地块深部软流圈抬升共同作用所致。     

冷岛效应的分析解

本文将冷岛视为一个负的扰动加热源,即冷源,用小扰动方法求出了冷岛效应的分析解,给出了解例,并与热岛效应的结果作了对比分析。     

Report on the physical characteristics of Vaidya-Tikekar's exact relativistic model for a superdense star

We report here the results of our examination of the physical properties of Vaidya-Tikekar's model for a relativistic star. Full details will be published elsewhere. The analysis yields a strong indication that the model is stable with respect to infinitesimal radial oscillations. We find that the adiabatic speed of sound is smaller than the speed of light everywhere inside the fluid sphere if the radius of the sphere is larger than 1.46 times its Schwarzschild radius. We also find that the fluid must necessarily be supraluminal somewhere if the speed of sound is decreasing outwards close to the center. We further find that the strong energy condition is fulfilled everywhere if it is fulfilled at the center. Since the ratio of the pressure p and the density ⋅ is decreasing outwards, this indicates that the temperature gradient is negative. We also find that the relativistic adiabatic index is larger than two. Demanding the fluid to be causal, and taking the pressure and the density to be somewhere given by 7.4 ⋅ 10³³ dynes/cm³ and 5.1 ⋅ 10¹⁴ g/cm³, we calculate the maximum mass of the fluid sphere to be 3 solar masses.     

水稻免耕栽培的减灾效应研究

为探索稻田保护性耕作技术——水稻免耕的减灾效应,将免耕与传统稻作方法相结合组成常耕移栽、常耕抛秧、免耕移栽、免耕抛秧4个处理进行试验,并运用生态学原理对试验结果进行了分析研究。结果表明,稻田保护性耕作能提高作物产量,降低部分生育期间水稻病虫害,抑制农田杂草的生长。     

外力扰动加剧与澜沧—耿马大地震的爆发

构造运动强烈、不断发生强震的云南地壳,可能经常有部分区域处于不稳定状态,外力也正是在此基础上才得以对地震活动显示出明显的调制效应。1988年11月6日澜沧—耿马7.6级、7.2级大地震前的大量观测资料表明,云南地区,特别是澜沧—耿马附近地区又再次出现了类似1970年通海7.7级、1974年大关7.1级和1976年龙陵7.4级大地震之前,曾发生过的那种地表涝旱剧变和大气压力巨涨落现象。这种震前的外部异常扰动具有很强的重复性,在对应地震上也显示了很强的应验性,故其很有可能在云南未来7级大地震的监视预报中发挥作用。     

Topographic and atmospheric corrections of gravimetric geoid determination with special emphasis on the effects of harmonics of degrees zero and one

 The topographic and atmospheric effects of gravimetric geoid determination by the modified Stokes formula, which combines terrestrial gravity and a global geopotential model, are presented. Special emphasis is given to the zero- and first-degree effects. The normal potential is defined in the traditional way, such that the disturbing potential in the exterior of the masses contains no zero- and first-degree harmonics. In contrast, it is shown that, as a result of the topographic masses, the gravimetric geoid includes such harmonics of the order of several centimetres. In addition, the atmosphere contributes with a zero-degree harmonic of magnitude within 1 cm. Received: 5 November 1999 / Accepted: 22 January 2001