浅谈建设项目开展气候可行性论证的必要性

根据开展气候论证工作经验,结合古今中外的例子,论述了城市规划、重点建设工程、太阳能、风能开发利用必须开展气候可行性论证的必要性,并对今后如何开展气候可行论证工作提出了相应的对策和建议。     

Informing national adaptation for sustainable development through spatial systems modelling

Acute climate-change hazards, such as floods or storm surges, can affect a nation’s built and natural environment assets that are critical for development and achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To reduce the impacts of such acute climate-change hazards and safeguard development, national decision-makers require evidence on where and how hazards affect SDG achievement to better inform adaptation. Here, we develop a systems methodology that spatially models the impacts of climate-change hazards across a nation’s entire built and natural environment assets and its interdependent influences on the SDG targets to inform national adaptation. We apply our methodology in Saint Lucia through a participatory approach with decision-makers across 18 government ministries, academia, and the private sector. Results reveal that acute climate-change hazards can affect half of Saint Lucia’s assets across 22 sectors, which can influence 89% of all SDG targets. Application of our methodology provided evidence on where and how to prioritise adaptation, thereby helping to add spatial granularity to 52 measures under Saint Lucia’s National Adaptation Plan (NAP) as well as specificity on how limited capacity for cross-sectoral coordination can be directed to safeguard SDG targets. Adaptation does not necessarily imply investing in physical asset protection: results show the need to protect critical natural environments which provide important adaptation services to the built environment. As more nations develop and revise their NAPs and Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement, strategic planning across sectors – as demonstrated in Saint Lucia – will be critical to facilitate adaptation that safeguards SDG achievement.     

地震现场倒塌建筑物的搜救策略研究

与一般倒塌建筑物的搜救不同,地震灾害现场的搜救将可能面对大量的、类型复杂、倒塌情况复杂的建筑物,制定科学的搜救策略对于快速有效的营救被困人员十分重要。本文对近几年有关地震现场搜救策略的研究进展进行了综述和现状分析,并在此基础上,从搜救分区、搜救目标的优选、具体营救方案制定几个方面,对如何根据现场情况进行科学的搜救策略制定进行了系统的阐述。     

大田市水系统的保护和恢复规划

With the reform and opening to the outer world, Datian has become a new industrial county from an agricultural one. With the development of industry, most of the waste water from the factories, families, farms is poured into the river without being disposed. The water in the county is being polluted. Mining in large scale and the cutting down of forests has caused soil erosion and destruction of the water system. In order to harmonize the economic development and the environment, this essay will make comments on the destruction of the water system in the county of Datian caused by the pollution and soil erosion, and put forth some protection measures and recovering plans.     

Comparing stakeholder perceptions with empirical outcomes from negotiated rulemaking policies: Is participant satisfaction a proxy for policy success?

Evaluation of natural resource management policies often is made difficult by lack of robust or long-term data on the resource. In the absence of empirical data, natural resource policy evaluation may rely on expert or stakeholder perception of success as a proxy, particularly in the context of policies that depend on multi-stakeholder engagement or negotiated rulemaking. However, few formal evaluations have compared empirical ecological outcomes with stakeholder perception. This study compares stakeholder perceptions of policy outcomes with ecological outcomes from a long-term, ecological dataset as part of the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act's Take Reduction Planning process. Structural Equation Models revealed that stakeholder perceptions were significantly and positively related to positive ecological outcomes. Also, perceived success and ecological performance rankings of the Take Reduction Plans were comparable for three of the five plans examined. This analysis suggests that for this particular policy instrument, stakeholder perception aligns well with ecological outcomes, and this positive relationship is likely the result of a commitment and support for stakeholder education and engagement. However, even within a single policy analysis, there was variability suggesting that the relationship between stakeholder perceptions and policy outcomes must continue to be evaluated. This study suggests that stakeholder perception can be an accurate reflection of ecological outcomes, but not necessarily a predictor of them.