Monitoring agricultural cropping patterns across the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin using MODIS-NDVI data

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) 16-day composite data product (MOD12Q) was used to develop annual cropland and crop-specific map products (corn, soybeans, and wheat) for the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin (GLB). The crop area distributions and changes in crop rotations were characterized by comparing annual crop map products for 2005, 2006, and 2007. The total acreages for corn and soybeans were relatively balanced for calendar years 2005 (31,462 km² and 31,283 km², respectively) and 2006 (30,766 km² and 30,972 km², respectively). Conversely, corn acreage increased approximately 21% from 2006 to 2007, while soybean and wheat acreage decreased approximately 9% and 21%, respectively. Two-year crop rotational change analyses were conducted for the 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 time periods. The large increase in corn acreages for 2007 introduced crop rotation changes across the GLB. Compared to 2005–2006, crop rotation patterns for 2006–2007 resulted in increased corn–corn, soybean–corn, and wheat–corn rotations. The increased corn acreages could have potential negative impacts on nutrient loadings, pesticide exposures, and sediment-mediated habitat degradation. Increased in US corn acreages in 2007 were related to new biofuel mandates, while Canadian increases were attributed to higher world-wide corn prices. Additional study is needed to determine the potential impacts of increases in corn-based ethanol agricultural production on watershed ecosystems and receiving waters.     

地下水对银川平原植被生长的影响

植被是反映区域性生态环境状况的重要指标之一,而地下水对植被的生长有着重要的影响。结合MODIS-NDVI遥感数据与地下水位观测数据,从大尺度上研究了银川平原地下水与植被的关系,并结合实测的数据,利用最小二乘法拟合出地下水位埋深与NDVI变化率的关系曲线,定量分析了地下水位埋深对植被生长的影响,并对适宜植被生长的地下水位埋深进行了探讨。研究结果表明：地下水位埋深在3 m时,植被长势最好;而适宜植被生长的地下水位埋深范围是1~5 m;当地下水位埋深超过5 m时,地下水位埋深对植被的影响逐渐减弱;当水位埋深超过8 m时,地下水位埋深对植被的生长没有影响。     

基于EOS/MODIS的若尔盖高原湿地定量遥感研究

研究旨在探讨EOS/MODIS影像提取若尔盖高原湿地信息的定量遥感方法.先计算MODIS影像的NDVI并将其线性变换到0～255;然后经多次试验确定区分湿地与非湿地的MODIS-NDVI阀值,并用人机交互式调整的方法消除误判像元及云的干扰,再多次试验得到区分湿地内部沼泽地和水体的阀值;通过统计不同类型湿地像元数计算湿地面积.研究表明,若尔盖高原湿地空间分布和面积具有季节差异,这与该地区降水和气温季节变化相关;采用MODIS-NDVI阀值并结合人机交互式调整的方法提取若尔盖高原夏半年的湿地信息是可行的,精度达到82%,而利用该方法提取冬半年湿地信息效果不甚理想,冬半年的MODIS影像湿地判识方法有待进一步探讨.     

近15 a黄土高原植被覆盖时空变化及驱动力分析

研究黄土高原地区植被覆盖变化及其驱动因素可以揭示研究区气候变化和人工生态调节过程对植被变化的影响。基于500 m分辨率的MODIS-NDVI数据和同期气象数据,运用均值法、斜率分析法、相关分析法及残差法,分析了2001-2015年黄土高原的植被时空演变变化特征及其驱动因素。结果表明：近15 a黄土高原植被在季度上总体都呈现增加趋势且存在一定差异,夏、秋季植被增加最为明显;黄土高原植被覆盖在空间上呈现自东南向西北递减的分布特征;植被NDVI变化在不同季节上都存在明显的空间差异;黄土高原植被NDVI对气温、降水的响应关系有明显的季节差异,并在空间上与降水的相关性显著,与温度相关性不明显;人类活动对植被覆盖变化有双重影响,其中生态恢复工程是黄土高原中部地区植被覆盖快速增加的重要因素。     

Integrating remote sensing data with WRF model for improved 2-m temperature and humidity simulations in China

The default green vegetation fraction (GVF) in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model version 3.7.1 was derived between 1985 and 1990 from the 1990s Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) achieved from the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), and its representation is deteriorating when used to simulate recent weather and climate events. In this study, we applied in WRF v3.7.1 the updated GVF estimated by the real-time NDVI of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data to provide a better representation of the prescribed surface GVF condition. A one-year simulation was carried out in China, and the simulated 2-m air temperature and specific humidity were compared between the WRF model control experiment that employs the default GVF data (WRF-CTL), the WRF simulations with updated GVF (WRF-MODIS), and the observations from 824 weather stations in China. Results are significantly improved for both the 2-m air temperature and the specific humidity by WRF-MODIS, which has effectively reproduced the observed pattern and increased the correlation coefficient between the model simulations and observations. The RMSE and bias of specific humidity are also reduced in WRF-MODIS. In general, the real-time MODIS-NDVI based GVF reflected the realistic increase of vegetation cover in China when comparing to the WRF default GVF, and also provided a more accurate seasonal variation for the simulated year of 2009. As a result, the WRF-MODIS simulation significantly improves its representation in the simulated 2-m air temperature and specific humidity, both in spatial distributions and seasonal variations, due to the GVF’s great contribution in modulating the coupled land-atmosphere interactions.     

东西伯利亚苔原—泰加林过渡带植被遥感物候时空特征及其对气温变化的响应

物候变化是气候变化的重要指示器,通过对植被物候时空变化的研究可以为进一步分析全球气候变化提供依据。基于2000—2017年MODIS-NDVI时间序列数据,利用不对称高斯函数和动态阈值法,提取、分析了东西伯利亚苔原—泰加林过渡带植被生长季起始期（SOS）、结束期（EOS）、中期（MOS）和长度（LOS）4种植被遥感物候参数的时空变化格局。同时结合同期CRU（Climate Research Unit）气温观测数据,分析了4种物候参数对气温变化的响应关系。结果表明：遥感物候参数可以直接、有效地反映气温的变化：研究区64°N以南区域4—5月气温升高,对应区域SOS提前5~15 d;64°N~72°N之间5—6月气温升高,对应区域SOS提前10~25 d;最北端北冰洋沿岸6月气温升高幅度较小且7月气温降低,对应区域SOS推后15~25 d;西北部8月、西南部9月气温降低,对应地区EOS提前15~30 d;67°N以南区域9—10月气温升高,对应区域EOS推后5~30 d;EOS的变化对气温变化较SOS更为敏感,较小的气温波动即引起EOS较大的变动;研究区内植被生长季整体呈前移趋势,且西北部LOS缩短,中部、南部LOS延长。     

基于MODIS-NDVI数据的西藏高原沙漠化信息提取

西藏高原是我国沙漠化发生发展较为强烈的地区之一,沙漠化的监测和防治非常重要。本文以MODIS-NDVI时间序列影像为基础数据源,辅以DEM数据及研究区1：400万土地利用矢量数据,采用按植被覆盖度分区和监督分类的方法,对西藏高原进行了沙漠化土地利用解译,得到西藏地区的沙漠化程度及沙漠化分布：西藏高原沙漠化土地面积为227034.65km2,占全区土地总面积的18.91%,程度以中度和轻度为主。沙漠化土地主要分布在阿里地区、那曲地区和日喀则地区。     

基于MODIS的杭州湾南岸农业生态系统NDVI季节变化特征研究

NDVI是表征植物生长动态的重要指标,不同植物具有不同的NDVI变化曲线。植物生长过程中NDVI值逐渐增大。在生育期的某一阶段达到最大值后又逐渐减小。MODIS-NDVI数据因具有较高的时间分辨率。可用于农业生态系统NDVI变化研究。该文运用野外调查资料和2002年MODIS-NDVI 16d合成的23个时序的遥感数据。对杭州湾南岸农业生态系统不同种植制度的NDVI变化特征进行分析。结果表明,不同种植制度的NDVI曲线有其特定的变化规律。NDVI特征模型可用于农业生态系统种植制度分析,并为遥感估产提供基础数据。     

银川平原地下水资源开发与植被变化

植被状况的变化是反映区域性生态环境状况的重要指标。地下水是影响植被变化的主要因素。宁夏地处干旱半干旱地带,是全国生态系统最脆弱的省区之一。2000年后,随着宁夏黄河引水量的减小,水资源的不合理应用使银川平原的生态植被出现了退化的趋势。本文利用MODIS-NDVI遥感数据,对银川平原2000~2004年间的植被变化趋势进行了研究。在此基础上,对引用黄河水量及多年地下水位的变化对植被的影响进行了分析,并对适宜于植被发育的地下水位埋深进行了探讨。     

MODIS-NDVI-based mapping of the length of the growing season in northern Fennoscandia

Northern Fennoscandia is an ecologically heterogeneous region in the arctic/alpine-boreal transition area. Phenology data on birch from 13 stations and 16-day MODIS-NDVI composite satellite data with 250 m resolution for the period 2000 to 2006 were used to map the growing season. A new combined pixel-specific NDVI threshold and decision rule-based mapping method was developed to determine the onset and end of the growing season. A moderately high correlation was found between NDVI data and birch phenology data. The earliest onset of the growing season is found in the narrow strip of lowland between the mountains and the sea along the coast of northern Norway. The onset follows a clear gradient from lowland to mountain corresponding to the decreasing temperature gradient. In autumn, the yellowing of the vegetation shows a more heterogeneous pattern. The length of the growing season is between 100 and 130 days in 55% of the study area.