Biostratigraphic and aminostratigraphic constraints on the age of the Middle Pleistocene glacial succession in north Norfolk,UK

Considerable debate surrounds the age of the Middle Pleistocene glacial succession in East Anglia following some recent stratigraphical reinterpretations. Resolution of the stratigraphy here is important since it not only concerns the glacial history of the region but also has a bearing on our understanding of the earliest human occupation of north‐western Europe. The orthodox consensus that all the tills were emplaced during the Anglian (Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 12) has recently been challenged by a view assigning each major till to a different glacial stage, before, during and after MIS 12. Between Trimingham and Sidestrand on the north Norfolk coast, datable organic sediments occur immediately below and above the glacial succession. The oldest glacial deposit (Happisburgh Till) directly overlies the ‘Sidestrand Unio‐bed’, here defined as the Sidestrand Hall Member of the Cromer Forest‐bed Formation. Dating of these sediments therefore has a bearing on the maximum age of the glacial sequence. This paper reviews the palaeobotany and describes the faunal assemblages recovered from the Sidestrand Unio‐bed, which accumulated in a fluvial environment in a fully temperate climate with regional deciduous woodland. There are indications from the ostracods for weakly brackish conditions. Significant differences are apparent between the Sidestrand assemblages and those from West Runton, the type site of the Cromerian Stage. These differences do not result from contrasting facies or taphonomy but reflect warmer palaeotemperatures at Sidestrand and a much younger age. This conclusion is suggested by the higher proportion of thermophiles at Sidestrand and the occurrence of a water vole with unrooted molars (Arvicola) rather than its ancestor Mimomys savini with rooted molars. Amino acid racemisation data also indicate that Sidestrand is significantly younger than West Runton. These data further highlight the stratigraphical complexity of the ‘Cromerian Complex’ and support the conventional view that the Happisburgh Till was emplaced during the Anglian rather than the recently advanced view that it dates from MIS 16. Moreover, new evidence from the Trimingham lake bed (Sidestrand Cliff Formation) above the youngest glacial outwash sediments (Briton's Lane Formation) indicates that they also accumulated during a Middle Pleistocene interglacial – probably MIS 11. All of this evidence is consistent with a short chronology placing the glacial deposits within MIS 12, rather than invoking multiple episodes of glaciation envisaged in the ‘new glacial stratigraphy’ during MIS 16, 12, 10 and 6. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

北京西山末次间冰期植被演化与环境变迁研究

末次冰期-间冰期气候旋回研究是过去的全球变化(PAGES)研究的三大重点之一,通过孢粉分析和热释光断代建立了北京西山末次间冰期植被的演化序列,研究了该地区古植被与古环境的演化规律.研究表明:北京末次间冰期植被演化经过了6个阶段,从古到今依次对应深海沉积MIS5e,5d,5c,5b,5a及末次间冰期向末次冰期的过渡期.末次间冰期森林分布于北京西山,暖期发育以鹅耳枥属、榆属、栎属、松属、桦属为主的落叶阔叶林或针阔叶混交林,冷期则主要发育以松科、桦科、蔷薇科、毛茛科、蒿属、菊科为主的森林草甸草原或森林草原,末次间冰期气候由早期的暖湿经过波动变化向温干、凉干演化.5e是末次间冰期的大暖期,其暖湿程度好于5c,5c又好于5a,而5d的气候环境优于5b.在MIS5e阶段北京西山植被的演潜过程可分为5个阶段,揭示气候存在千年时间尺度的不稳定性,5e1为水热组合最佳时期.由末次间冰期向末次冰期过渡的降温时期,存在一次明显的气候回返事件,热释光年龄为78.5～72.5 kaBP.对比研究表明北京西山末次间冰期气候环境与深海沉积、极地冰心记录具有很好的可比性,变化幅度小于极地地区,与黄土高原及青藏高原环境演化具有更大的相似性.     

设计院管理信息化建设的体会

通过管理信息平台和图纸打印收集归档利用系统的综合信息化管理,改变了原先不能及时有效得到各专业的实际生产状况和信息不能及时共享的问题,实现了项目管理的每个环节都有可供查询的信息,项目管理人员可随时利用管理信息平台对相关信息和数据进行分析,并形成分析报表,辅助决策。同时通过图纸打印收集归档利用系统对电子图纸进行辅助管理,使设计人员高效快速地对于既往图纸查询、利用。浙江工业大学建筑规划设计研完院的管理信息系统与协同设计工具（图纸打印收集归档利用系统）通过近两年的综合运行,有效降低了设计成本和管理成本,提高了设计人员的生产效率和项目管理人员的管理水平,这种全新的综合应用方式和技术思路有广泛的实用价值和借鉴作用。     

柴达木盆地东部36～18kaB.P.期间的孢粉记录及其气候环境

对柴达木盆地察尔汗古贝壳堤剖面的沉积物进行孢粉分析,结果显示这个地区植被与气候在晚更新世中晚期经历以下几个阶段的变化:36.2～31.2kaB.P.(未校正14C年代,下同)期间,以禾本科、藜科、蒿属、莎草科为主,发育草原-草甸植被,气候温和湿润,盘星藻出现较多,反映淡水湖泊,水深在10m左右;31.2～27.6kaB.P.期间,松属、云杉属、桦属等为主的木本植物的含量增加,周围山地森林发育,表明气候温暖,降水量增多。但由于蒸发量大,有效湿度下降,荒漠成分柽柳属等增加,盘星藻在30kaB.P.以后消失,反映湖泊盐度增大;27.6～23.3kaB.P.期间,植被中荒漠成分显著增加,周围山地森林萎缩,气候趋向相对寒冷干旱,湖面积缩小;23.3～18.0kaB.P.,孢粉浓度很低,蒺藜科、藜科等荒漠成分明显增加,植被稀疏,已趋向荒漠化草原,反映气候寒冷干旱。从整个剖面来看,主要的陆生植物孢粉类型为禾本科、柽柳属、蒺藜科、麻黄属、松属、云杉属、柏科、胡桃属和桦属等,藜科和蒿属含量很少,这与柴达木盆地东部地区的表土分析结果完全不同,也与其他草原以及荒漠草原的表土花粉结果相异。这说明晚更新世中晚期柴达木盆地东部地区的植被和现在无法进行比较,气候环境与现在显著不同。     

永定河中下游MIS7以来地层沉积演化及新石器时代以来气候变化

利用廊坊东A27钻孔岩心资料,样品微体生物、孢粉特征综合分析,结合AMS14C测年,对永定河中下游地区MIS7以来的地层进行分析,建立了MIS7以来的沉积地层格架,并对其进行了年代厘定,讨论了该地区大约MIS7阶段以来氧同位素分期气候下的地层及环境效应.结果表明,永定河中下游地区晚第四纪可划分为U1～U8共8个沉积单元...     

东海北部外陆架MIS 6以来的沉积地层格架及古环境演化

利用最新采集的高分辨率浅地层剖面资料,结合SHD-1钻孔岩心资料,对东海北部外陆架MIS 6以来的地层结构进行了分析,建立了MIS 6以来的沉积地层格架,并对地层的地质年代进行了厘定。根据Octavian Catuneanu（2005）的层序地层学理论,研究区地层划分出海侵和高位体系域、下降期体系域、海退和低位体系域。研究表明,过孔的浅地层剖面与钻孔岩心的沉积地层有很好的对应关系。东海北部外陆架MIS 6以来可划分出7个不整合界面（D7—D1）和7个地震单元（SU7—SU1）。东海外陆架的海进层序与海退层序有规律地交替发育,它们与海平面变化曲线也有很好的对应关系。其中,地震单元SU1、SU5分别为MIS 1、MIS 5形成的海侵沉积,主要发育浅海沉积层,100 m以浅的位置发育潮流沙脊;地震单元SU2、SU4、SU6分别对应 MIS 2、MIS 4和MIS 6低海平面时期形成的河流/河口—三角洲沉积;地震单元SU3、SU4为下降期体系域,这两个亚单元分别对应MIS 3和MIS 4晚期。MIS 4—MIS 3发育厚层且分布广泛的水下三角洲,但MIS 4发育的水下三角洲的规模不及MIS 3大。总之,对MIS 6以来沉积地层格架的建立和古环境研究可为东海外陆架晚第四纪地层的海平面变化、古环境演化等相关研究提供参考。     

MIS3晚期石笋记录的季风突变事件区域特征及全球联系

末次冰期晚期短尺度气候突变事件异常显著,对其研究有助于认识相似边界条件下气候突变规律。通过MIS3晚期亚洲季风区8支石笋记录总结分析发现,因受洞穴微环境、渗水通道、生长动力等影响,DO5~DO3事件振幅差最大可达0.9 ‰,持续时间差最大达到900年,这可能反映局地环境对同一气候信号的改造作用或与各记录分辨率及测年精度有关。同时,统计分析发现,这些短尺度DO事件具有一定相似性,其持续时间集中分布于特定范围,说明石笋同位素信号在某种程度上可以反映真实气候信号。高、低纬记录对比显示,石笋记录与低纬气候信号呈现诸多相似性,反映亚洲季风区石笋记录具有显著的"低纬特色"。因此,无论亚洲季风突变的"开关"是否归因于北高纬气候,低纬过程确实是不可或缺的"塑造者"。

     

MIS4早期千年尺度事件特征的湖北石笋记录

高精度定年的石笋记录有助于校正冰芯时标和理解千年尺度事件的驱动机制。基于湖北永兴洞YX288石笋5个高精度²³⁰Th年龄和264组氧同位素数据,重建了MIS4早期东亚季风水文循环演化过程。结合同一洞穴YX46记录,发现两条记录在重叠时段的波动特征高度一致,清晰地记录了持续时间较长的DO19.1事件和持续极短的DO19.2事件。石笋记录显示DO19.2和DO19.1事件的开始时间分别为约72.06 ka和69.40 ka,结束时间依次为约69.85 ka和69.03 ka,在误差范围内与格陵兰NGRIP冰芯AICC2012时标一致。这两个事件的持续时间依次约为2200 a和360 a。在DO19.2事件期间,石笋记录的东亚季风较为稳定,显著不同于格陵兰冰芯记录的温度持续下降的特征。这一季风稳定状态与南北两极间温度差的稳定波动特征较为一致,这也得到反映热带辐合带位置变化的Cariaco盆地反照率记录的支持,表明南北半球的温度变化对亚洲季风的综合影响。

     

The Blake Event recorded near the Eemian type locality – A diachronic onset of the Eemian in Europe

Multidisciplinary analysis including paleomagnetic, sedimentologic, sea-level change, luminescence dating and palynologic research was performed on a 25 m long orientated core taken at Rutten, close to Eemian key localities in the Netherlands. The main goal of our research was to test a possible delayed onset of temperate conditions in this region compared to Southern Europe, occurring within the Last Interglacial. The sediments revealed the presence of the paleomagnetic Blake Event in ca. 10 m of lower-deltaic floodbasin sediments that contain a pollen record covering the Eemian. The position of the Blake Event in relation to the pollen stratigraphy concurs with the earlier studied Neumark Nord 2 site. Paleomagnetic correlation to core MD95-2042 off SW Iberia indicates ca. 5 kyr diachroneity between the pollen-based onset of temperate interglacial conditions between northern and southern Europe. The onset of the Eemian in north-western and central Europe (ca. 121.0 ka) post-dates the Marine Isotope Stage 6/5e transition by ca. 10 kyr. In addition, the Rutten data provide evidence for a relatively long duration of the Blake Event of at least 8 kyr. The late onset of the temperate conditions that define the base of the Eemian, imply that NW Europe with the Eemian type area is not the most suited region to define the beginning of the Last Interglacial and Late Pleistocene for global chronostratigraphic use.