Elasticity of an upper mantle clinopyroxene

The ambient pressure elastic properties of a natural clinopyroxene (C2/c symmetry) from Kilbourne Hole, NM have been determined. In terms of end-members, diopside (CaMgSi₂O₆), hedenbergite (CaFeSi₂O₆), jadeite (NaAlSi₂O₆), cosmochlor (NaCrSi₂O₆), and Mg-Tschermak (MgAl(AlSi)O₆), its composition is Di₇₂He₉Jd₃Cr₃Ts₁₂. The analytic density, based on chemistry and cell parameters is 3.327 (0.003) g/cm³. The elastic constants [c₁₁, c₁₂, c₁₃, c₁₅, c₂₂, c₂₃, c₂₅, c₃₃, c₃₅, c₄₄, c₄₆, c₅₅, c₆₆] are [273.8 (0.9), 83.5 (1.3), 80.0 (1.1), 9.0 (0.6), 183.6 (0.9), 59.9 (1.6), 9.5 (1.0), 229.5 (0.9), 48.1 (0.6), 76.5 (0.9), 8.4 (0.8), 73.0 (0.4), 81.6 (1.0)] GPa where uncertainties are reported at the 95% confidence level. The aggregate (mean of Hashin-Strikman bounds) adiabatic bulk modulus is 117.2 (0.7) GPa, and the shear modulus is 72.2 (0.2) GPa. Although measured moduli are broadly consistent with trends in elasticity versus atomic volume, deviations from the systematics would produce significant (percent level) changes in calculated velocities for candidate mantle mineral assemblages. The compositional dependence of elasticity for several clinopyroxenes is explored on the basis of just the Di+He and Jd+Ts mole fractions. The bulk modulus lies within experimental uncertainties of the linear mixture of end-member properties while the shear modulus deviates by 3%. Received: 29 September 1997 / Revised, accepted: 4 March 1998     

离子类土壤固化剂对高温冻土工程性质改良试验研究

为了研究离子类土壤固化剂对青藏高原高温冻土工程性质的改良效果,分别选用酸性和碱性离子类土壤固化剂对冻结青藏粉质黏土进行了改良测试。塑性指数测试表明,两种固化剂的最优含量为0.2%。固化剂含量小于0.3%时,冻结温度相对原状土样没有明显的下降。对不同含量碱性和酸性固化土力学性质进行了测试,无侧限单轴抗压强度相对原状土样整体增大,碱性和酸性固化土抗压强度最大分别提高了78.7%和46.6%,最优配比（0.2%）的碱性和酸性固化土体积压缩系数随养护龄期增大而减小,两种固化土的体积压缩系数相对原状土样最大分别下降了80.0%和38.5%,固化效果明显。碱性固化土力学性质变化更显著,说明其更适合对青藏黏土进行改良。     

槽波地震勘探技术在工作面小构造探测中的应用

小构造是导致煤炭资源回采困难及煤矿安全事故的主要原因。利用槽波地震勘探技术,对义安煤矿11061工作面进行了透射法探测。通过CT成像可以分辨工作面内与煤厚相当的小构造,同时还能获得围岩高应力区及瓦斯富集带等地质信息。探测结果可作为煤矿安全回采的依据。      

Quality Assessment of FY-4A Lightning Data in Inland China

The Lightning Mapping Imager (LMI) equipped on the FY-4A (FengYun-4A) geostationary satellite achieves lightning positioning through optical imaging and has the advantages of high temporal resolution, high stability, and continuous observation. In this study, FY-4A LMI lightning event, group and flash data from April to August 2018 are selected, and their quality are assessed through qualitative and quantitative comparison with the ground-based Advanced Time of Arrival and Direction system (ADTD) lightning observation network data and the American International Space Station (ISS) lightning imaging sensor (LIS) data. The results show that the spatial distributions of FY-4A lightning are consistent with those of the ground-based ADTD and ISS LIS. The temporal variation in FY-4A lightning group frequency is consistent with that of ADTD stroke, which reflects that FY-4A LMI can capture the lightning occurrence in inland China. Quantitative statistics show that the consistency rate of FY-4A LMI and ISS LIS events is relatively high but their consistency rate is lower in terms of lightning group and flash data. Compared with the lightning observations by the ISS LIS and the ground-based ADTD, FY-4A LMI reports fewer lightning events in the Tibetan Plateau. The application of Tibetan Plateau lightning data requires further processing and consideration.     

槽波地震勘探在煤矿大型工作面的应用

以陕北某煤矿大型工作面槽波地震工程为例,开展了超大型工作面内断层的槽波地震探测技术研究。槽波探测采用全排列接收,最大限度地保障了槽波信息的获得。根据得到的槽波记录数据以及CT成像结果,解释了工作面内断层的发育情况,与后期巷道揭露情况基本吻合。槽波地震勘探在大型工作面的成功应用,可为矿井实现盘区勘探提供技术支持。      

一种基于ISS-SHOT特征的点云配准算法

针对点云配准过程中易产生错误对应点、收敛速度慢、配准时间长等问题,提出了一种基于内部形态描述子（ISS）及方向直方图描述子（SHOT）特征的点云配准算法。运用体素格网法下采样后,采用ISS算法提取特征点,并用SHOT对特征点进行描述,利用余弦相似度匹配对应点对,再采用RANSAC算法剔除错误对应点对,使得两片点云获得良好的初始位姿,最后采用点到平面的ICP算法进行精确配准。试验结果表明,与传统ICP算法及基于ISS的SAC-IA+ICP算法相比,本文算法配准精度及配准效率更高,对数据量大、重叠率较低点云具有很好的稳健性。     

离子土壤固化剂改性膨胀土的试验研究

利用离子土壤固化剂（ionic soil stabilizer,简称ISS）对河南安阳地区膨胀土进行化学改性试验研究,通过不同配比的自由膨胀率试验结果,结合施工成本,得出ISS溶液改良膨胀土的最优配合比为1:350。对ISS溶液最优配合比改性后土体进行收缩试验、膨胀性试验、固结快剪、高压固结及水浸泡试验。试验结果表明,改性土线缩率减小,膨胀性指标降低,抗剪强度增大,土体由亲水性变成憎水性,且能达到较好的水稳定性,即膨胀土经化学改性为非膨胀土。ISS改性膨胀土的机制可解释为,通过ISS溶液与土粒离子进行强烈的交换作用,打开土粒与水分子之间的“电化键”,降低土颗粒表面吸附水膜厚度,包裹在黏粒颗粒表面的疏水基团覆盖膜使土对水的敏感性减弱,从根本上减少了土体吸水性和膨胀性。     

多震源地震正演数值模拟技术

常规地震采集技术因受相邻时间激发炮之间时间间隔的制约而存在采集周期过长,采集成本过高的问题,而多震源同步激发地震采集技术可以克服这方面的缺陷,但存在着波场过于复杂的问题,地震正演模拟技术可以帮助我们提高对这种复杂波场的认识水平,为此采用2D弹性波方程交错网格高阶有限差分格式,开发了多震源同步激发波场正演数值模拟技术,能够模拟任意多个同步激发震源的弹性波波场,震源函数可以是雷克子波,也可以是可控震源扫描信号,且同步激发震源之间可以有随机时差.模型试算结果分析表明,该技术既是一项高精度的多震源正演模拟技术,也是一项高效率的地震正演数值模拟技术.     

Research and Application of In‐seam Seismic Survey Technology for Disaster‐causing Potential Geology Anomalous Body in Coal Seam

In order to effectively detect potential geology anomalous bodies in coal bearing formation, such as coal seam thickness variation, small faults, goafs and collapse columns, and provide scientific guidance for safe and efficient mining, the SUMMIT-II EX explosion-proof seismic slot wave instrument, produced by German DMT Company, was used to detect the underground channel wave with the help of transmission method, reflection method and transflective method. Region area detection experiment in mining face had been carried out thanks to the advantage of channel wave, such as its great dispersion, abundant geology information, strong anti-interference ability and long-distance detecting. The experimental results showed that: (1) Coal seam thickness variation in extremely unstable coal seam has been quantitatively interpreted with an accuracy of more than 80% generally; (2) The faults, goafs and collapse columns could be detected and predicted accurately; (3) Experimental detection of gas enrichment areas, stress concentration regions and water inrush risk zone has been collated; (4) A research system of disaster-causing geology anomalous body detection by in-seam seismic survey has been built, valuable and innovative achievements have been got. Series of innovation obtained for the first time in this study indicated that it was more effective to detect disaster-causing potential geology anomalies by in-seam seismic survey than by ground seismic survey. It had significant scientific value and application prospect under complex coal seam conditions.