流动VLBI站氢原子钟的研制与性能测试

氢脉泽是射电天文所必需的频率标准.文中对为流动vLBI站研制的新一代氢脉泽的物理结构特点进行了讨论，包括对腔泡结构、磁屏蔽、原子束光学系统等.同时性能测试表明在80秒到1天之间频率稳定度优于1×10     

利用核对软件降低MARK IV格式磁带回放数据的误码率

由于磁带回放的不稳定性及磁带与处理机的不匹配 ,导致由磁带导入硬盘的数据误码率很高 ,影响了送入处理机的数据可用率。结果显示 ,采用核对软件能将数据可用率提高一个数量级     

The development of radio astronomy at Hartebeesthoek

The development of radio astronomy at the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory in South Africa is described. The Hartebeesthoek site was established originally by NASA as one of three Deep Space Stations equipped with 26-m parabolic reflector antennas. It was first used for radio astronomy by South Africa in terms of the NASA host nation agreement which allowed for its use at times when the facility was not needed for its primary purpose of tracking space probes. After NASA withdrew from South Africa in 1975, the South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research took over the site and the 26-m parabolic reflector antenna, which NASA had abandoned in position, and established it as a national observatory. The development of the facility to the stage where it could support a variety of observing programmes such as continuum observations and mapping, spectroscopy and pulsar timing is described as well as the role played by the Observatory in global programmes of very long baseline interferometry.     

VLBI资料处理软件系统OCCAM V6.0简介

OCCAM V6．0是在PC机上开发的一套VLBI大地测量数据处理软件。该软件用标准FORTRAN77(90)语言编写，可在Windows95以上版本和LINUX环境下的PC机上运行，其主要特点是操作简便、兼容性好、处理容量大、速度快和结果输出多样化等。随着该软件的不断改进和发展，利用OCCAM进行VLBI数据分析的学者逐渐增多，OCCAM软件的使用也日益广泛。本文简要介绍了OCCAM软件的安装、各个模块的主要功能和在运行中的注意事项，供今后OCCAM用户在使用过程中参考。     

VLBI观测的电离层延迟改正模型研究

电离层是大气层中的一个电离区域，高度范围大约在60－1000km。电磁波信号穿越电离层时其传播速度会发生变化，传播路径也会略微发生弯曲，从而使信号的传播时间乘以在真空中的光速不等于信号源至测站的几何距离。对VLBI观测来讲，电离层引起的差异可达近百米百米。文中从电磁波的传播原理出发，讨论了信号传播速度和传播路径变化引起的VLBI观测延迟；对目前采用的各种电离层延迟模型进行了分析总结；并指出单频率VLBI观测应顾及高阶项和路径弯曲的影响或使用区域性电离层延迟改正模型。     

Fast space-domain evaluation of geodetic surface integrals

Geodetic surface integrals play an important role in the numerical solution of geodetic boundary-value problems. In many cases they can be evaluated using fast methods in the frequency domain (FFT). However, this is not possible in general, because the domain of integration may be non-trivial (as is the surface of the Earth), the kernel function may not be of convolution type, or the data distribution may be heterogeneous. Therefore, fast evaluation strategies are also required in the space domain. They are more difficult to design because only one property is left where a more or less fast evaluation strategy can be built upon: the potential type of the kernel function. Consequently, the idea is not to replace well-established frequency domain techniques, but to supplement them. Our approach to this problem goes in two directions: (1) we use advanced cubature methods where the integration nodes automatically densify in the vicinity of the evaluation points; (2) we use powerful computer hardware, namely MIMD computers with distributed memory. This enables us to evaluate geodetic surface integrals of any practical complexity in reasonable time and accuracy. This is shown in a numerical example. Received: 7 May 1996 / Accepted:17 March 1997     

现代大地测量在研究相关地学问题中的作用

本文评述了用现代大地测量技术监测地球动力现象所能达到的时空辨率和准确度论述了大地测量在研究相关地学问题中的作用，回顾了以空间卫星大地测量为标志的现代大地测量近３０年来对地球科学作出的主要贡献及科学意义，并对大地测量未来进一步应用于地学研究的主要领域和研究方向提出了若干建议。     

Imaging the ramp–décollement geometry of the Chelungpu fault using coseismic GPS displacements from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake

We use coseismic GPS data from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake to estimate the subsurface shape of the Chelungpu fault that ruptured during the earthquake. Studies prior to the earthquake suggest a ramp–décollement geometry for the Chelungpu fault, yet many finite source inversions using GPS and seismic data assume slip occurred on the down-dip extension of the Chelungpu ramp, rather than on a sub-horizontal décollement. We test whether slip occurred on the décollement or the down-dip extension of the ramp using well-established methods of inverting GPS data for geometry and slip on faults represented as elastic dislocations. We find that a significant portion of the coseismic slip did indeed occur on a sub-horizontal décollement located at 8 km depth. The slip on the décollement contributes 21% of the total modeled moment release. We estimate the fault geometry assuming several different models for the distribution of elastic properties in the earth: homogeneous, layered, and layered with lateral material contrast across the fault. It is shown, however, that heterogeneity has little influence on our estimated fault geometry. We also investigate several competing interpretations of deformation within the E/W trending rupture zone at the northern end of the 1999 ground ruptures. We demonstrate that the GPS data require a 22- to 35-km-long lateral ramp at the northern end, contradicting other investigations that propose deformation is concentrated within 10 km of the Chelungpu fault. Lastly, we propose a simple tectonic model for the development of the lateral ramp.     

流动VLBI天线系统噪声温度及天线效率测量

我国自行研制的第一套流动VLBI系统——DCW—01型流动VLBI测量仪，目前已在国家重大科学工程“中国地壳运动观测网络”中投入使用。在流动VLBI的观测试验中，天线系统噪声温度和天线效率是观测前系统调试和检测的两项重要内容。天线系统噪声温度是衡量流动VLBI观测系统内部噪声程度的特性指标；天线效率反映了天线系统对到达天线能量的刊用率，在很多计算公式中是一个很重要的参数。因此，精确地测量它们的值是进行相关处理和计算的前提。文中结合我国流动VLBI观测站的研制与建设，介绍了流动VLBI测量仪的天线及接收机系统，并详细阐述了其天线系统噪声温度和天线效率的测量。