Effect of rod friction on vane shear tests in very soft organic harbour mud

Very soft organic harbour mud is increasingly used as a filling and construction material in harbour construction and reorganization. The undrained shear strength of such soft sediments is the critical geotechnical soil parameter with regard to any specific construction design. Field and laboratory vane shear testing is a standard method to quickly determine this important parameter. So far, the effect of rod friction on vane shear tests in very soft organic soils is unclear. In this study we present results from laboratory experiments on harbour mud from a construction site in northern Germany. Relations among vane and rod geometry, penetration depth, water content, rod friction and undrained shear strength are derived. Based on these relations the influence of rod friction on vane shear test results is investigated. The results indicate that field and laboratory vane shear test measurements may be significantly influenced by rod friction. Methods are proposed to correct for the rod influence, which is shown to increase with rising water contents.     

直读水准测量和直读水准尺及其应用

直读水准测量利用直读水准尺,可直接读出测点高程,特别适用于多中视点水准测量,可免去大量计算。此外,在水准导线测量中,直读尺亦可按传统尺操作,但计算公式中的正负符号应互换。     

风积沙作为路基填料的静力特性研究

风积沙颗粒细小、级配差、无粘性。使用风积沙作为沙漠公路的路基填料具有与一般路基填料不同的力学性质。选用新疆、内蒙、陕西3省（区）典型风积沙,进行了原材料的级配、天然含水量、相对密度等试验。在此基础上进行了风积沙的CBR、回弹模量、压缩以及室内剪切试验。根据风积沙的特性制定了有别于常规的试验仪器和试验方法。利用图表和回归分析的方法分析了风积沙的贯入压力-贯入应变、单位压力-回弹变形、垂直压力-抗剪强度、压力-压缩模量等性质。考虑到沙漠地区干旱少雨的特点,试验过程中对于风积沙采用了不同的干密度和含水量,得出了不同压实标准情况下的“沙基应力-变形特性”。