内蒙古西鄂尔多斯国家自然保护区植被的遥感分布特征及变化探测

西鄂尔多斯自然保护区位于荒漠、半荒漠地带的中国北方生态环境脆弱带上,保护区内的植物从第三纪演化至今仍带有荒漠特有种群标记,对研究环境演化、生物多样性、全球变化等都具有重大的学术价值和诊断意义,受到国内外生物学、生态学、地理学等学科研究者的极大的关注。利用传统的研究方法和样方统计方法不仅费时、费工,而且进展缓慢,另外,很难实现对保护区植物分布规律与生境的全面了解与监测。我们利用Landsat-5、7卫星提供的1987年9月的TM和1999年8月的ETM数据,两景不同时相的数据间隔12年,分辨率为30m;1∶25万的DEM数据;地面样方统计数据等。用遥感技术对西鄂尔多斯珍稀濒危植物群落进行分布规律和变化探测的研究,可以快速、大范围、准确、实时获取资源环境状况及其变化数据,建立三维立体景观虚拟现实图,再结合野外实地考察样方统计数据的综合分析,揭示了间隔12年植被分布规律和植被覆盖动态变化情况。为合理利用这些植被资源,对受损荒漠生态系统的恢复提供了依据,同时,对于保护和改善我国荒漠地区的生活环境和探索荒漠地区可持续发展也具有重要的意义。     

Detection of subtle deforestation due to logging using satellite remote sensing in wet and dry savanna woodlands of Southern Africa

Tropical deforestation through logging activities poses a direct threat to biodiversity. However, the detection of logging has remained a challenge. Based on study sites in Zimbabwe and Zambia, we tested whether the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Coefficient of Variation in NDVI (CVNDVI) derived from high and medium spatial resolution satellite data could be used to detect logging in dry and wet miombo woodlands. Separately, we integrated NDVI and CVNDVI in logistic regression to test whether each can be used to successfully predict logging in the study sites. We tested whether the spatial resolution of satellite data has an effect in detection of logging using NDVI and CVNDVI derived from Landsat 8 and Worldview-2. Based on the ROC curves, we concluded that remotely sensed data could provide an effective predictive tool for detecting logging. However, in wet miombo woodlands the predictive power of remotely sensed data is weak.     

城市地下管线数据库动态维护

城市地下管线测量是城市测量的重要内客，建立的地下管线数据库后续的维护工作，是常态的测绘工作，本文针对城市地下管线动态维护工作，谈谈其重要性、方法及一些看法。     

MODES-2D—Method of detecting strike-shift shear zones

One of the goals of using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and other geodetic survey techniques in tectonics has been to detect boundaries such as faults or shear zones between rigid or mildly deforming crustal masses. The calculation of infinitesimal strains and rotations with GPS data has been widely used to detect shear zones but it has been largely unsuccessful because infinitesimal strain and rotation, although useful in many other ways, is non-diagnostic of shear zones or faults. Our approach is to work with components of deformation, not strain, and to design specifically a diagnostic method of detecting shear zones. This paper introduces the first part of our method, the detection of two-dimensional, strike-shift shear zones (MODES-2D). The MODES-2D method has three elements: (1) determination of the orientation of a suspected strike-shift shear zone by analyzing components of a deformation tensor derived from a data set of displacements in an arbitrary coordinate system; (2) resolution of the deformation tensor into the coordinate system parallel and normal to the detected shear zone; and (3) exploration of the resolved data set for evidence for a belt of inhomogeneous deformation, which is an essential characteristic of a shear zone. The operation of MODES-2D is illustrated herein with a theoretical survey network across an ideal shear zone developed with a buried dislocation-fault and with a survey network afforded by the crossing of the Kaynaşlı viaduct by the 1999 Düzce–Bolu earthquake rupture in Turkey.     

对Petro—sonde岩性探测技术有关理论的探讨

本文对ｐｓｔｒｏ－ｓｏｎｄｅ岩性探测技术理论中有关讨论电磁波衰减，仪器的重复性，探测精度的问题，从物理试验结论成立的边界条件进行了探讨，指出在理论上不要错把甚代频或超低频段的天然电磁场误认为该频段内的天然电磁波来对其进行推理和计算，从而得出错误的结论。     

气候变化检测与诊断技术的若干新进展

近年来,全球气候变暖及其对世界经济的影响已经引起了社会各界的关注和重视,判断当前全球的温度变化趋势,已经成为研究气候变化的一个至关重要的问题。进一步发展新的气候变化检测技术以适应全球增暖的新特征则显得尤为重要。因此,结合(1)气候突变和转折检测技术、(2)观测数据信息的分离和提取、(3)气候系统内在复杂性、(4)气候系统动力学结构特征的识别、(5)极端气候事件定义及其检测等方面的气候变化检测技术研究,分别介绍了中国近期气候变化检测技术的研究进展及部分研究成果,主要侧重于新检测技术和方法的介绍。最后,就当前气候变化检测技术方面的一些焦点和难点问题做了简单的讨论。     

合阳县经济林果区划

详细介绍了雷达等射束高度图的制作原理和方法，并分析了运城测雨雷达的探测能力，以及实际应用中注意的问题。