Oxygen Isotope Evidence for Chemical Interaction of Ki lauea Historical Magmas with Basement Rocks

K0">lauea historical summit lavas have a wide range in matrix 0">¹⁸O_VSMOWvalues (4·9–5·60">) with lower values in rockserupted following a major summit collapse or eruptive hiatus.In contrast, 0">¹⁸O values for olivines in most of these lavasare nearly constant (5·1 ± 0·10">). The disequilibriumbetween matrix and olivine 0">¹⁸O values in many samples indicatesthat the lower matrix values were acquired by the magma afterolivine growth, probably just before or during eruption. BothMauna Loa and K0">lauea basement rocks are the likely sources ofthe contamination, based on O, Pb and Sr isotope data. However,the extent of crustal contamination of K0">lauea historical magmasis probably minor (< 12%, depending on the assumed contaminant)and it is superimposed on a longer-term, cyclic geochemicalvariation that reflects source heterogeneity. K0">lauea's heterogeneoussource, which is well represented by the historical summit lavas,probably has magma 0">¹⁸O values within the normal mid-ocean ridgebasalt mantle range (5·4–5·80">) based on thenew olivine 0">¹⁸O values. KEY WORDS: Hawaii; K0">lauea; basalt; oxygen isotopes; crustal contamination     

A comparison of three marine ecosystems surrounding the Korean peninsula: Responses to climate change

This study uses a comparative approach to examine responses of marine ecosystems to climatic regime shifts. The three seas surrounding the Korean peninsula, the Japan/East Sea, the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea represent three contiguous but distinct ecosystems. Sampling has been carried out by the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute of South Korea since 1965, using the same methods in all three seas. Sampling was generally synoptic. Amplitude time series of 1st EOF modes for temperature, salinity, zooplankton biomass and concentrations of four major zooplankton taxa were used to determine whether the three marine ecosystems respond in a similar manner to climate variations. Temporal patterns of the variables were strongly similar among the three seas at decadal time scales, but very weakly similar at interannual scales. All three seas responded to a climatic regime shift that occurred in 1989. Temperature, zooplankton biomass and copepod concentrations increased in the late 1980s or early 1990s in all three seas. Concentrations of amphipods, chaetognaths and euphausiids also increased in the Japan/East Sea and the East China Sea, but not the Yellow Sea. The Yellow Sea ecosystem differs strongly from the other two seas, and water exchange between the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea is much weaker than that between the East China Sea and Japan/East Sea. Spatial patterns of zooplankton determined by the EOF analysis were closely related to currents and fronts in each of the three seas.     

Sub-arcsec 10 μm imaging of β pictoris and other star disk candidates

We have used the ESO 10 0">m camera, TIMMI, to image with a very high angular resolution (PFoV: 0.30">; FWHM:0.90">) several main-sequence star disk candidates. Information on the 0">-Pictoris dust disk has been obtained in a region largely inaccessible to previous observations: 0013;80 AU, with a resolution of about 5 AU after deconvolution. Another promising target for 10 0">m imaging, 51 Ophiuchi, appears point-like.based on data collected at the European Southern Observatory (ESO), La Silla, Chile     

Geochronology and geochemistry of eclogites from the Mariánské Lázně Complex,Czech Republic: Implications for Variscan orogenesis

The Mariánské Lázn0k21588067504/xxlarge283.gif" alt="ecaron" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> complex (MLC) is located in the Bohemian Massif along the north-western margin of the Teplá-Barrandian microplate and consists of metagabbro, amphibolite and eclogite, with subordinate amounts of serpentinite, felsic gneiss and calcsilicate rocks. The MLC is interpreted as a metaophiolite complex that marks the suture zone between the Saxothuringian rocks to the north-west and the Teplá-Barrandian microplate to the south-east. Sm-Nd geochronology of garnet-omphacite pairs from two eclogite samples yields ages of 377±7, and 367±4 Ma. Samples of eclogite and amphibolite do not define a whole rock Sm-Nd isochron, even though there is a large range in Sm/Nd ratio, implying that the suite of samples may not be cogenetic. Eclogites do not have correlated ^{0k21588067504/xxlarge603.gif" alt="epsiv" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">} _Nd values and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios. Five of the eight eclogite samples have high ^{0k21588067504/xxlarge603.gif" alt="epsiv" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">} _Nd values (+10.2 to +7.1) consistent with derivation from a MORB-like source, but variable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7033 to 0.7059) which probably reflect hydrothermal seawater alteration. Three other eclogite samples have lower 0k21588067504/xxlarge603.gif" alt="epsiv" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">_Nd values (+ 5.4 to 013;0.8) and widely variable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7033 to 0.7096). Such low 0k21588067504/xxlarge603.gif" alt="epsiv" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">_Nd values are inconsistent with derivation from a MORB, source and may reflect a subduction or oceanic island basalt component in their source. The MLC is an important petrotectonic element in the Bohemian Massif, providing evidence for Cambro-Ordovician formation of oceanic crust and interaction with seawater, Late Devonian (Frasnian-Famennian) high- and medium-pressure metamorphism related to closure of a Saxothuringian ocean basin, Early Carboniferous (Viséan) thrusting of the Teplá terrane over Saxothuringian rocks and Late Viséan extension.     

Comparison between a radiative wind model for be stars and high angular resolution data from the GI2T interferometer

I present theoretical line profiles and intensity maps from an axi-symmetric radiative wind model from a rapidly rotating Be star. The introduction of a viscosity parameter in the latitude-dependent hydrodynamic code enables us to consider the effects of the viscous force in the azimuthal component of momentum equations (Araújo et al. 1994). Both velocity field and density law derived from the hydrodynamic equations have been used for solving the statistical equilibrium equations. By adopting the Sobolev approximation, we could easily obtain a good estimate of both electronic density and hydrogen level populations throughout the envelope. The numerical calculation was performed for parameters characterisic of the Be star071u737/xxlarge947.gif" alt="gamma" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"> Cassiopeiae.     

丽江7.0级地震地下流体异常特征

通过对１９９６年２月３日云南丽江Ｍｓ７．０地震前震中周围水位、水氡、水汞、泉点宏观等地下流体共７１个台项观测资料的异常及综合特征分析，初步认为震前异常数量较多，异常时间分布具有整体性、同步性、集中性的特点，但异常主要集中在短期阶段，临震异常不突出；突间分布具有集中性和非均匀性，孕震区至远场影响区的异常比例最高，震源区内为相对“盲区”，且突出而肯定的宏观异常极少；异常的时空演变特征复杂，总体没有规律     

丽江大研镇震灾分布和地脉动测量结果之间的相关性

丽江７．０级地震后，大研镇被毁建筑物的地理分布呈显４条条带，伤亡人员的地理分布和上述条带重合。９１个短周期地脉动测点的观测资料表明，分布在上述条带内的大多数测点，其卓越周期大于０．３Ｓ；条带外的测点，其卓越周期一般在０．１Ｓ左右。作认为卓越周期和烈度异常之间良好的相关性，是因为地脉动卓越周期和地方震的频谱之间存在良好的相关性。     

中国西部生态区划及其区域发展对策

在分析我国西部自然生态环境特点的基础上,运用生态学原理和方法,对我国西部进行生态区域划分。共将我国西部划分为7个一级区、22个二级区。并在二级区的基础上,对每一个生态区的特点、发展和保护对策进行了论述。     

中国丹霞地貌研究进展

从本世纪３０年代阵国达提出“丹霞地形”的概念以来,中国学者经历了初创、成型和发展三个阶段的研究,作为地貌学一个新领域的丹霞地貌研究已日趋成熟。“红色陆相碎屑岩”作为丹霞地貌的物质基础和“陡崖坡”作为形成２限定为大部分学者所接受。“顶平、身陡、麓缓”的坡面组合,是丹霞地貌 的基本形成特征。目前所发现的红层均早于中生代;大部分丹霞地貌发育在红色砾岩、砂砾岩、砂岩的地层组合上,而相对软弱的粉沙质和泥质岩     

淹没植物对河道糙率的影响

基于河道水动力及植物柔性变形分析,建立淹没状态下的植物河道糙率计算的理论关系,同时,利用试验资料及理论分析成果,进一步获得了植物河道糙率的附加值,借此可以分析与评价河道植物对水流阻力的影响程度.