基于GIS的浙江省高速公路大雾灾害风险区划

大雾是影响高速公路交通安全与运营效率的最主要的灾害天气之一。基于2004—2013年浙江省68个气象站大雾观测资料、基础地理信息数据以及高速公路历史灾情数据,开展浙江省高速公路大雾灾害风险区划研究。依据自然灾害风险分析原理,构建高速公路大雾灾害风险区划指标体系,以浙江省大雾出现的频次和持续时间作为大雾灾害的危险性评价指标;以因大雾导致的高速公路交通事故率、高速公路封路频次和持续时间作为脆弱性评价指标;以高速公路客运量和货运量作为暴露性评价指标。在ArcGIS的空间信息技术支持下,采用层次分析法和综合评价方法,建立了高速公路大雾灾害风险评估模型,最终完成浙江省高速公路大雾灾害风险区划图。区划结果表明,高风险区路段占全省路段总长的15.13%,主要分布在申嘉湖高速南浔段以及嘉善段、杭州湾环线高速萧山至越城段、杭州绕城西线高速、常台高速上虞至嵊州段、诸永高速诸暨至磐安段、沪昆高速诸暨段以及柯城段。     

Changes of multiple cropping in Huang-Huai-Hai agricultural region,China

Multiple cropping index (MCI) is the ratio of total sown area and cropland area in a region, which represents the regional time intensity of planting crops. Multiple cropping systems have effectively improved the utilization efficiency and production of cropland by increasing cropping frequency in one year. Meanwhile, it has also significantly altered biogeochemical cycles. Therefore, exploring the spatio-temporal dynamics of multiple cropping intensity is of great significance for ensuring food and ecological security. In this study, MCI of Huang-Huai-Hai agricultural region with intensive cropping practices was extracted based on a cropping intensity mapping algorithm using MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) time series at 500-m spatial resolution and 8-day time intervals. Then the physical characteristics and landscape pattern of MCI trends were analyzed from 2000–2012. Results showed that MCI in Huang-Huai-Hai agricultural region has increased from 152% to 156% in the 12 years. Topography is a primary factor in determining the spatial pattern dynamics of MCI, which is more stable in hilly area than in plain area. An increase from 158% to 164% of MCI occurred in plain area while there was almost no change in hilly area with single cropping. The most active region of MCI change was the intersection zone between the hilly area and plain area. In spatial patterns, landscape of multiple cropping systems tended to be homogenized reflected by a reduction in the degree of fragmentation and an increase in the degree of concentration of cropland with the same cropping system.     

利用NOAA－AVHRR资料提取水体信息的初步研究

本文讨论了应用ＮＯＡＡ－ＡＶＨＲＲ资料来提取水体信息的方法。采用ＡＶＨＲＲ一、二通道（下面简写为ＣＨ１、ＣＨ２）获得的地面反射率数据构成的归一化植被指数（ＮＤＶＩ）来识别水体，并初步提出了应用模糊数学的方法提取混合像元中的水体面积信息的技术思路。     

Estimation and analysis of the ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration in forest ecosystems along the North-South Transect of East China

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration (T/ET) is a key parameter for quantifying water use efficiency of ecosystems and understanding the interaction...     

Net Primary Productivity Increased on the Loess Plateau Following Implementation of the Grain to Green Program

The spatio-temporal characteristics of net primary productivity (NPP) since implementation of the Grain to Green Program (GTGP) are important for understanding ecological restoration of the Loess Plateau in China. Here, we conduct spatio-temporal analysis of NPP using MODIS datasets (500 m, 8-day intervals) and VPM (Vegetation Photosynthesis Model) from 2000-2015. We found that NPP on the Loess Plateau increased significantly from 2000 to 2015 (p<0.05). Significant increases in NPP were observed in core areas of the GTGP, including northern Shaanxi and Lüliang Mountain in Shanxi. NPP in alluvial plains decreased due to urban expansion into cropland. Significant increases in NPP from 2006-2010 were located north of the area of change in 2000-2005. NPP increased across three vegetation types and four slope gradients. In hilly-gully regions prone to soil erosion, such as central and southeastern parts of the Loess Plateau, obvious vegetation restoration was detected.     

基于移动互联网的交通气象服务系统设计与应用

设计并实现了基于移动互联网的交通气象服务系统。通过对用户定位信息与天气现象、能见度、温度、降水、风力等精细化格点数据进行融合,提供了一系列基于位置的创新性交通气象服务:道路前方高影响天气路段语音提醒及气象信息自动化语言表达、基于WebGIS服务的交通气象服务信息展示和基于精细化格点预报数据的智能导航。与传统网页单向式的信息交互方式不同,交通气象服务系统绝大部分数据存储及处理工作在服务端完成,通过Web服务实现了与客户端的双向信息传递,向用户提供精准的基于位置的信息推送。本系统已经在浙江省气象局智慧气象手机客户端中作为一个独立模块实际应用。     

浙江省洪涝灾害遥感监测技术流程及其初步应用

本文简要介绍了浙江省洪涝灾害遥感监测技术流程及其初步应用。研究表明,应用NOAA-AVHRR数据,通过计算机处理和综合地学分析,是可以监测大范围的洪涝灾害的,并可准确地圈定洪涝范围和区分受涝程度,获得洪涝灾害面积,从而达到快速、动态、客观地监测洪涝灾情的目的,及时地向领导决策部门提供灾情影像图、数字化图和灾情分析报告,为指挥抗灾、组织生产自救提供可靠依据。     

应用模糊数学方法提取水体面积信息

讨论了应用ＮＯＡＡ－ＡＶＨＲＲ资料提取水体信息的方法。采用１．２通道反射率数据构成的归一化植指数（ＮＤＶＩ）来识别水体，并初步提出了应用模糊数学方法提取混合像元中的水体面积信息。     

卫星资料处理业务系统及其图像显示技术

简要介绍了自行设计和研制的卫星资料处理业务系统的总体设计思路及技术特点,重点介绍了应用系统软件如何在微机屏幕上实现遥感图像多种显示。     

中国东部南北样带森林生态系统蒸腾与蒸散比值(T/ET)时空变化

植被蒸腾与蒸散的比值(transpiration/evapotranspiration, T/ET)表征了植被蒸腾对生态系统蒸散的贡献率,是准确量化生态系统水分利用效率的关键参数,对研究植被水分运移的生理生态机理以及碳水循环关系具有重要意义。基于站点数据验证PT-JPL模型(Priestly-Taylor JetPropulsion Laboratory Model)模拟精度,集成遥感数据和气象栅格数据模拟中国东部南北样带森林生态系统2001-2010年T/ET,并分析其时空变化及影响因子。结果表明:①PT-JPL模型适用于中国东部森林生态系统蒸散及其组分模拟,具有较高的稳定性和可靠性;②中国东部南北样带森林生态系统T/ET空间差异显著,整体呈南部低、北部高,主要由夏季T/ET空间格局主导;样带整体T/ET均值为0.69,2001-2010年呈显著缓慢上升趋势,增幅为0.007/yr(p <0.01);③T/ET季节和年际变异的主控因子不同:温度和EVI是影响T/ET季节变异的关键因子,两者均可解释T/ET季节变异的90%左右(p <0.01);而T/ET的年际变异则主要受EVI影响,解释率为53%(p <0.05)。