Damage and recovery of the Gurbantunggut Desert vegetation following engineering activities

The fragile ecological environment of the Gurbantunggut Desert is damaged/disturbed by human activities relating to the development of oil-gas resources and the constructions of desert road and great engineering in the Jungger Basin. It was mainly represented: soil compaction, vegetation cleaning, burial of vegetation, oil polluting, and soil disturbance. With investigation and experiment, we found that when the way and intensity of engineering activities disturbing the eco-environment does not make its ecological stability disintegrated, the desert vegetation has a capacity of natural recovery. To speed and strengthen the process of vegetation recovery efficient assistant measurements, including stabilizing mobile sands promptly and sowing seeds of shrub and herb plants in good time will be needed.     

Impact of habitat heterogeneity on plant community pattern in Gurbantunggut Desert

1IntroductionStudy on the interrelationship between vegetation patterns and their habitat heterogeneity is important to recover and rehabilitate the desert vegetation, stabilize the desert ecosystem and prevent desert expansion. Domestic and foreign researchers have carried out many studies on this topic (Archer etal., 2002; Bolling etal., 2000; Chen etal., 2003; Dasti etal., 1994; Gu etal., 2002, Li etal., 2001; Li etal., 2001; Liang etal., 2003), which have used and refined statistic tech…     

古尔班通古特沙漠生境对植物群落格局的影响

This paper reports a geomorphologic landscape investigation, vegetation survey and soil sampling at 14 sites across the Gurbantunggut Desert between 87°37′09"-88°24′04"E and 44°14′04"-45°41′52′Nl. The study encountered 8 species of low trees and shrubs, 5 of perennial herbs, 8of annual plants and 48 of ephemeral and ephemeroid plants. These species of plants represent one-third of the species found in the Gurbantunggut Desert, and their communities make up a large proportion of desert vegetation with great landscape significance. In the investigation we found that the plant communities are accordingly succeeded with the spatial variation of macro-ecoenvironment.Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Correlation Analysis (CA) we found that the micro-ecoenvironment heterogeneity of aeolian sandy soil′s physical and chemical properties such as soil nutrient, soil moisture, soil salt, pH etc. only impacted the diversity of herb synusia (PIEherb) of the desert, with a negative correlation. Meanwhile, the impact of microhabitat on the plant community pattern with an antagonistic interaction made vegetation′s eco-distribution in a temporary equilibrium.     

黄河三角洲潮沟网络形态特征的时空分异规律及其发育过程

潮沟是陆海生态系统交互作用的主要通道,具有高度的时空动态性。以黄河三角洲新旧河道为界,划分黄河北岸（Ⅰ区）、南岸东（Ⅱ区）、南岸西（Ⅲ区）为对比研究区,选择1998—2018年5个关键时间节点的遥感影像为数据源,利用GIS空间分析功能,定量表征了潮沟发育程度的典型形态特征参数,剖析了黄河改道、湿地恢复工程和外来物种入侵等因子对潮沟发育过程的影响,挖掘潮沟网络的时空演变规律。结果表明：① 潮沟的形态特征具有明显的时空异质性。从1998年黄河改道初期至2004年湿地恢复初期,Ⅰ区各等级潮沟数量大幅减少;由于潮滩淤进和互花米草固滩作用,Ⅱ区潮沟数量、密度、分汊率呈现增长趋势,在2013年互花米草的快速扩张期,潮沟曲率、分汊率明显增大;Ⅲ区潮沟发育的等级、长度、密度最大,等级间的转化频率最高,湿地恢复工程导致低等级潮沟数量、长度明显减少,较强的海洋动力抑制了潮沟曲流的发育。② 黄河改道和侧弯丁坝建设导致平均归槽长度（OPL）增大,潮沟网络的排水效率减少。互花米草的快速扩张使排水效率增大,OPL不断降低;潮沟发育程度Ⅲ区>Ⅱ区>Ⅰ区。③ 潮沟系统由快速变化青年期整体进入缓慢变化中年期,发育状态趋于动态平衡。研究成果有助于了解大范围潮沟的发育过程及演变机制,为沿岸潮滩开发与利用提供科学的决策支撑。     

Vegetation patterns and species–environment relationships in the Gurbantunggut Desert of China

The Gurbantunggut Desert is the largest stable and semi-stable sand desert in China, yet few data exist on vegetation pattern and species-environment relationships for these diverse desert landscapes. The sand dunes of the survey area are mainly of the longitudinal form from north to south, but checkerboard-shaped and honeycomb-shaped forms are also present, with the height of 10–50 m. We measured vegetation and soil data on north–south transects and compared them with vegetation and soil data on east–west transects. Analysis revealed that the varying trend and strength of the species diversity, dominance and cover of the plant communities in the longitudinal and transverse directions across the landscape are significantly different. The results of CCA ordination show that the microhabitats of soil organic matter (OM), soil salts (TS), sorting index (σ), topsoil water-content (SM) and pH relate to the differences in vegetation observed as differences in species assemblage from salt-intolerant ephemerals, micro-subshrubs and subshrubs to salt-tolerant shrubs and micro-arbors. The terrain (alt.) and soil texture (the contents of Mz and φ1) affect the spatial differentiation of many species. However, this spatial differentiation is not so marked on transects running longitudinally with the landscape, in the same direction as the dunes. The species of the desert vegetation have formed three assemblages under the action of habitat gradients, relating to three sections running transversely across the landscape, at right angles to the direction of the dune crests. In the mid-east section of the study area the topography is higher, with sand-lands or dune-slopes with coarse particles. Here the dominant vegetation comprises shrubs and subshrubs of Seriphidium santolium and Ephedra distachya, with large numbers of ephemeral and ephemeroid plants of Senecio subdentatus, and Carex physodes in spring and summer. On the soil of the dune-slopes in the mid-west of the study area, with coarse particles and abundant TK, the plant assemblage of Haloxylon persicum, Soranthus meyeri and Agriophyllum squarrosum is developed. The species composition in the east marginal belt of the study area has similar characteristics to the mid-west section. There is no corresponding section in the north–south transects (except for the north and south margins). This is because the habitats of most plants are located in the middle of the microhabitat gradients in the north–south direction in the desert.     

和田河与克里雅河流域不同类型沙物质的地球化学探讨

本文通过对和田河和克里雅河流域不同类型沙物质的矿物和化学成分研究,揭示了河流沙、沙丘沙和地层沙的矿物成分和化学成分存在的差异,指出这种差异是有关元素及化合物(或矿物)在不同环境下具有不同地球化学行为的结果。     

Impact of habitat heterogeneity on plant community pattern in Gurbantunggut Desert

This paper reports a geomorphologic landscape investigation, vegetation survey and soil sampling at 14 sites across the Gurbantunggut Desert between 87o37'09'-88o24'04'E and 44o14'04'-45o41'52'N. The study encountered 8 species of low trees and shrubs, 5 of perennial herbs, 8 of annual plants and 48 of ephemeral and ephemeroid plants. These species of plants represent one-third of the species found in the Gurbantunggut Desert, and their communities make up a large proportion of desert vegetation with great landscape significance. In the investigation we found that the plant communities are accordingly succeeded with the spatial variation of macro-ecoenvironment. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Correlation Analysis (CA) we found that the micro-ecoenvironment heterogeneity of aeolian sandy soil's physical and chemical properties such as soil nutrient, soil moisture, soil salt, pH etc. only impacted the diversity of herb synusia (PIEherb) of the desert, with a negative correlation. Meanwhile, the impact of microhabitat on the plant community pattern with an antagonistic interaction made vegetation's eco-distribution in a temporary equilibrium.     

北京地区湿地资源动态监测与分析

以1984年、1989年、1992年、1996年、1998年、2004年TM及2002年ETM遥感影像为信息源,在遥感和地理信息系统技术支持下,结合野外调查,辅以收集研究区相关资料和多年的统计数据,动态监测和分析北京地区湿地资源的类型、面积、分布情况及湿地开发利用情况等.并以北京5大水系为例,用内梅罗指数法对1991年至2000年北京地区河流湿地进行水质评价与分析.结果表明：1996年和1998年北京地区湿地面积明显高于往年,分别为677.29 km^2和505.84 km^2,1998年后呈显著退化趋势,1998年到2004年,湿地水域面积减少了46%,水质也呈退化趋势,退化原因主要是由于降水量的减少和人为干扰.最后提出北京地区湿地资源合理利用和湿地生态环境保护对策.     

中国北部陆架海碎屑锆石U- Pb年龄和钾长石主微量元素物源示踪研究

渤海湾盆地每年沉积大量的河流碎屑物质,但其中的砂级物质能否迁移扩散到胶东半岛海湾内一直不清楚。锆石和钾长石分别是河流沉积物中常见的副矿物和主要造岩矿物之一,由于各自的U- Pb年龄和地球化学元素组成在不同区域内存在显著差异,是进行物源示踪研究的理想矿物。基于此,本文利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪 (LA- ICP- MS) 对渤海湾盆地主要注入河流和胶东半岛的威海湾和银滩湾的海岸砂开展碎屑锆石 (n=438) 和钾长石 (n=160) 微区原位U- Pb年龄、Th/U比值和主微量元素分析,结果表明威海湾和银滩湾内的砂级沉积物的碎屑锆石以具有典型的新元古代峰值年龄 (697~735 Ma),缺乏古元古代和新太古代峰值年龄为特征,Th/U比值和胶东基岩接近,结合Kolmogorov- Smirnov 统计方法的多维判别图 (MDS),说明这些砂级碎屑物质的源区主要是以胶东半岛为源区的近源物质。而黄河口的碎屑钾长石原位(in situ) Na2O、K2O、Al2O3和Rb、Sr、Ba、Pb元素含量变化与刘公岛和银滩的海砂样品截然不同,进一步验证了上述碎屑锆石的研究结果。因而将碎屑锆石和钾长石原位地球化学分析相结合有助于精准判定物源关系,在今后中国北部陆架海物源示踪研究、渤海湾盆地盆山耦合研究中将具有良好的应用前景。     

觉罗塔格南缘石炭系火山岩地球化学特征及其对古亚洲洋南缘构造演化的指示意义

研究了觉罗塔格南缘石炭系雅满苏组与土古土布拉克组火山岩的主量元素、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素特征。结果显示,雅满苏组(中)酸性熔岩属贫钾钙碱性岩浆系列,Mg#值介于0.49~0.51,ISr介于0.706 42~0.707 68、εNd(t)为3.28~5.49,富集轻稀土与大离子亲石元素、相对亏损重稀土与高场强元素,具中等负Eu异常(δEu=0.62~0.65),其形成可能与幔源基性岩浆结晶分异有关。土古土布拉克组中(酸)性火山岩属钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列,Mg#值介于0.53~0.57,轻稀土相对富集,重稀土相对亏损,略具负铕异常(δEu=0.63~0.84),富集大离子亲石元素,相对亏损高场强元素,ISr介于0.703 71~0.708 47、εNd(t)为6.48~6.83,表明其母岩浆来源于受交代的富集岩石圈地幔楔。结合区域地质背景研究成果,认为它们形成于古亚洲洋壳向南俯冲的岛弧环境,并且早石炭世的雅满苏组火山岩代表不成熟的洋内岛弧的产物,而晚石炭世的土古土布拉克组火山岩是岛弧演化到相对成熟阶段的产物。这种物质成分和时空分布特征揭示的石炭纪该区壳幔岩石圈由北向南、由老到新明显增厚现象,为古亚洲洋南缘吐哈古洋壳当时在该处具有向南俯冲的极性提供了有力证据。