基于GIS的保险防灾信息系统构建

从分析保险防灾业务的特点出发，提出利用MapGIS强大的二次开发功能构建保险防灾信息系统。作者结合自己的开发实践，比较全面的介绍了如何利用GIS技术来管理保险防灾业务的空间信息，并对这些关键的技术进行较全面阐述，对基于地理信息的信息系统的开发提供了许多有益的解决方案     

基坑开挖与土钉支护的数值模拟

运用FLAC程序对深基坑土钉墙支护设计进行了数值模拟,分析了边壁土体的变形大小和土钉应力分布,并与现场实测结果对比,得出基坑顶的水平位移值与实测值相差不大,并对差值进行了分析。在应力方面,改善了土体内应力集中的现象,从而制约了土体的变形。剪应力在支护结构和坡角处有集中现象,在坡角处较为严重。     

秋季南黄海网采浮游生物的生物量谱

对2006年9月南黄海浮游生物网(孔径为70,160,505μm)采集样品内的浮游生物个体大小的粒径分布进行研究,确定各粒级大小的功能群组成,建立2006年秋季调查水域网采浮游生物的生物量谱,比较分析三个特征水域(黄海近岸、黄海中部及黄海和东海交汇区)的浮游生物生物量谱特征参数的异质性。结果表明:三种网采浮游生物粒级范围主要包括100 pg/个~70 ng/个的浮游植物和70 ng/个~62 mg/个的浮游动物。Sheldon型生物量谱为近似连续的波动曲线,标准型生物量谱为线型。总测区的标准生物量谱斜率和截距为-0.74和18.64,各个特征水域,黄海中部为-0.67和15.60、黄海近岸为-0.64和14.34、黄海、东海交汇区为-0.73和18.03。浮游动物种类多样性对标准生物量谱的特征参数具有较显著的影响。     

OSL chronology of a Palaeolithic site in a humid subtropical mountainous area of southeast China

The timing of Palaeolithic human activities in South China is still controversial because of the lack of a reliable chronology of archaeological sites. The Longdengshan Palaeolithic site(LPS), located close to the Wuyi Mountain of South China, represents the first discovered and scientifically excavated Middle Palaeolithic site in the Fujian Province. This site is of considerable significance for studying the diffusion and cultural connotation of early Homo sapiens in southern China. In this study, we present optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) ages obtained from medium-grained quartz collected at the LPS. The single-aliquot regenerative-dose measurements of red soil deposits collected at the same site yielded internally and stratigraphically consistent ages and similar errors, indicating a potential ability of the technique, and also reflecting the influence of various sedimentary facies on the test results. Our results indicate that the 38-63 μm quartz grains were generally partially-bleached and had large values of over-dispersion in the palaeo-reticulated laterites of west Fujian. Some samples yielded unsatisfactory results, suggesting that the degree of bleaching of diluvial and alluvial deposits should be properly assessed before dating. We did not detect any enrichment/depletion of U, Th and radioactive disequilibrium. The effect of chemical weathering on the dose rate estimation was negligible. Therefore, we used a central age model and the maximum age model to calculate the age of two samples, respectively, and the minimum age model to calculate the ages of the rest of the samples. The OSL ages of the samples ranged from 27.09 ± 2.30 ka to 54.65 ± 7.39 ka for the 38-63 μm quartz size fraction, and roughly corresponded to the Marine Isotope Stage 3. In addition, three ages out of five are based on the calculation of minimum ages in this research, which needs to be further verified by other dating methods.     

湿法处理荧光法测定空气中的微量铀

用过滤集尘法过滤的空气取样滤膜采用冷浸消化处理,在硝酸介质中UO22+与高效抗干扰的荧光增强剂络合成具有高荧光效率的单一络合物,该络合物受波长为在337.1nm的紫外激光脉冲辐射产生明亮的绿色荧光,可直接用标准加入法测定其铀的含量。研究了pH对其测定条件的影响,实验表明pH最佳值为4.5,测定结果相对偏差小于5%,回收率为94.5%~100%。此方法操作简单易行,分析结果稳定可靠。     

盐胁迫下梭梭幼苗膜脂过氧化和保护酶活性

使用0、50、100、200、350、500 mmol/L NaCl处理梭梭幼苗,分三次取样,并测其相应指标,结果表明梭梭幼苗细胞膜透性在10天时保持稳定;当胁迫到20天、30天时,同化枝膜透性随盐浓度的增加及胁迫时间的延长逐渐增加.整个试验过程中,丙二醛含量逐渐增加,但前期增加幅度不大,后期梭梭幼苗同化枝的丙二醛含量在NaCl胁迫30天时为2.569 μmol·g-1.SOD和POD活性在整个试验过程中相对于对照而言整体呈增加趋势,但在前期增加得较快,后期较慢.CAT活性在整个过程中则一直呈增加趋势.     

渤海盆地辽东湾地区古近系烃源岩成熟演化模拟

古近系是辽东湾地区的主力烃源岩层系, 包括孔店组(Ek)-沙河街组四段(Es⁴)、沙河街组三段(Es³)、沙河街组一、二段(Es1-2)、东营组三段(Ed³)4套烃源岩, 它们主要分布在该地区的3个凹陷(辽西、辽中和辽东)的各个次洼中。在沉积和构造发育史的基础上, 结合烃源岩地球化学和热史等参数对烃源岩成熟演化进行模拟。对辽中凹陷各洼陷典型井区的烃源岩演化模拟表明辽中凹陷不同洼陷内各烃源岩层系的成熟演化历史存在明显差异:在东营组沉积末期,Es⁴-Ek烃源岩普遍进入生油门限,现今,基本上处于高-过成熟阶段;在馆陶组沉积末期,Es³和Es^-2烃源岩普遍进入生油门限,Ed³烃源岩部分进入生油门限,现今,Es³和Es^-2烃源岩在辽中凹陷的部分地区达到生油高峰期。同时, 利用Basinview软件模拟了辽东湾地区古近系4套烃源岩的成熟演化历史, 表明在盆地演化过程中同一套烃源岩在辽东湾地区不同凹陷进入生油门限和达到生油高峰及生气阶段的时间存在差异。研究成果可以为该地区深凹区的烃源岩预测与评价和计算烃源岩体积、生、排烃量等提供重要参数,这对指导该地区的油气资源勘探具有重要意义。      

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUMMER LOW-FREQUENCY RAINFALL OVER SOUTHERN CHINA AND PROPAGATION OF TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION

This study investigates the relationship between summer low-frequency rainfall over southern China and tropical intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in the atmosphere by examining systematically the propagation features of the tropical ISO in terms of focusing on five large-scale low-frequency rainfall regimes in summer over southern China. It is demonstrated that there is a close linkage between the five rainfall regimes over southern China and the northward propagation of the tropical ISO. The moist ISO signals, which influence the low-frequency rainfall events in different regions of southern China, mainly propagate northwestward from the tropical ocean to the southeast of China. The southeast China rainfall regime is intimately associated with the moist ISO signals propagating northwestward from the equatorial mid-western Pacific Ocean. For both the Yangtze River regime and South of Yangtze River regime, the moist ISO signals over the northern South China Sea show an evident northward propagation towards the Yangtze River region, and then propagate westward. It is further found that the interaction between the northward propagation of low-latitude ISO signals and the southward propagation of high-latitude ISO signals can also make a clear influence on the low-frequency rainfall in southern China. For the Southern China regime, the moist ISO signals show a significant northward propagation from the Philippines. Moreover, for the rainless regime, southern China is under dry ISO signals’ control, and the latter shows no clear propagation to southern China. This study may provide insights for the extended-range forecasting of summer rainfall in southern China.     

LAS在西北干旱区荒漠均匀下垫面的观测研究

利用“古浪非均匀近地层观测试验”的仪器平行对比观测部分试验数据,首先分析荒漠均匀下垫面大孔径闪烁仪(Large Aperture Scintillometer,LAS)光径线上等间距架设的4台涡动相关仪(Eddy Covariance System,EC)观测的摩擦速度和感热通量的一致性.然后,基于4种不同下垫面建立稳定度普适函数分析,利用4台EC观测摩擦速度平均值,计算了LAS观测区域的感热通量,进而比较了LAS和EC两者观测值的差异.结果表明,4台EC观测的摩擦速度与感热通量一致性好,摩擦速度的差别＜10％,感热通量的差别在10％左右.4种稳定度普适函数计算的LAS区域感热通量在白天、夜晚与EC观测平均值变化趋势一致,但计算值偏大;TAG (Thiermann and Grassl)稳定度普适函数计算值与EC观测平均值较接近.其主要原因除不同下垫面试验所得稳定度普适函数的差异外,Kipp&Zonen LAS所测感热通量的系统性偏高不可忽视.     

北运河水系底栖动物群落结构与水环境质量评价

为全面了解北运河水系的底栖动物群落结构和水环境质量,于2015年5月对北运河水系33个样点的底栖动物和水体理化性质进行了调查,分别采用综合水质标识指数法和底栖动物BI指数法对北运河水系进行水质评价,并通过Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验判断正态性,用Pearson相关分析方法对两种评价结果进行比较和分析.结果表明:北运河水系共采集到底栖动物23种,隶属于3门4纲6目11科11属,以水生昆虫和软体动物为主,整个水系底栖动物群落结构单一;底栖动物BI指数法的评价结果显示,72%的采样点水质为中污染(Ⅳ)或重污染(Ⅴ);综合水质标识指数法的评价结果显示,超过57%的采样点水质为Ⅳ类及以下;根据K-S检验,两组评价得分均符合正态分布;Pearson相关分析显示两种评价结果呈显著正相关.两种评价结果总体上呈现出相同的趋势,均显示北运河水系整体水质状况较差,干流水质状况优于支流,上游水质状况优于下游,温榆河上游、坝河下游、通惠河上游和凉水河的水质状况较差,温榆河源头和坝河上游的水质状况较好.两种评价结果在个别点位存在一定差异,具体表现为基于水体理化因子的评价结果稍优于水质生物评价结果,造成这种差异的原因是两种评价方法在时空尺度上存在差异.针对城市化水平较高、人类活动干扰较强的北运河水系,同时采用这两种评价方法有助于全面了解其复杂的水环境质量.