抗旱保水剂膨润土-聚丙烯酸盐吸水树脂研究

利用丙烯酸盐在蒙脱石层间进行原位聚合，研究开发一种适用于农林业的抗旱保水剂。实验结果表明：聚合产物的综合性能较为理想，吸水树脂的保水作用主要体现在能够吸收大量的水，并且在压力下不脱水。     

引力透镜的基本原理及最新研究进展

介绍了引力透镜的基本原理，并针对不同情况，结合目前的观测结果对强透镜、弱透镜和微透镜分别作了系统的说明；特别阐述了近年来正在兴起的宇宙剪切的观测和理论研究，总结了引力透镜在宇宙学研究中的重要意义。     

青藏高原中、东部局地因素对地温的双重影响(Ⅰ): 植被和雪盖

青藏高原冻土区地温既受海拔、纬度和经度(干燥度)区域地带性规律控制, 同时它又受植被、雪盖、砂层、 水被和地质构造等局地因素的显著影响. 局地因素对地温的影响具有双重性: 在不同域值条件下, 它可增高或降低地温. 地温随植被覆盖度减小而逐渐增高, 但覆盖度减到0～20%时, 地温反而降低. 在青藏高原东部、南部和腹部的高山区, 冷季降雪多, 很多地段为稳定积雪区, 雪盖厚, 持续时间长, 对浅层地温起保温作用;而高原腹部的高平原、河谷和盆地冷季降雪较少, 雪盖薄, 持续时间较短, 一般保温作用微弱. 当雪盖厚度超过20 cm以后, 保温作用即开始增强;在暖季因积雪存在时间短, 雪盖薄, 短期内对浅层地温起冷却作用. 总之, 每种局地因素迫使地温向相反方向转化阶段是一个区间值, 为渐变过程. 随时空尺度变化, 局地因素的影响变化很大. 有些地段, 几种局地因素共同作用, 加上活动构造和地形、地貌等的影响, 使地温的时空分布和局地因素对其影响或控制变得错综复杂. 因此, 研究和预测地温特征和变化趋势, 需要在监测植被和积雪作用的基础上进行参数选择、 验证和优化.     

祁连山首次发现冰楔假形及其意义

2007年11月, 在祁连山东段南坡大通河上游河谷右岸的取土坑内(37°51′ N, 100°08′ E;海拔3 618 m)首次发现楔形构造, 成群分布在表层草根腐殖土之下约0.5 m深度处. 楔体呈袋状或舌状, 楔口宽度和楔体高度约在2.0～3.0 m, 宽高比值接近1. 楔体周围地层为冲洪积相碎石土堆积, 充填物为土黄色、灰黑色粉质土. 楔体两壁附近的卵、碎石长轴具有平行于楔壁的定向性, 说明这些碎石曾经受到过挤压, 据此初步判断这些楔形构造为冰楔假形. 这些冰楔假形发现对于研究该地区冻土演化和古气候具有参考意义.     

Effects of tributyltin at environmental levels on monooxygenase system of digestive gland in hard clam Meretrix meretrix

The effects on ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase （EROD）, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and NADH cytochrorne b5 reductase activities of digestive gland in Meretrix meretrix exposed to tributyltin （TBT） at environmental levels （0.1,1.0,10.0 ng/dm as stannum concentration）,in experimental condition, were evaluated. The EROD, NADH cytochrorne b5 reductase activities were significantly inhibited after exposure to 10.0 ng/dm^3 TBT for 8 and 20 d, the NADPH cytochrorne c reductase activities were significantly inhibited after exposure to 0.1,1.0 and 10.0 ng/dm TBT for 8 d and to 1.0 and 10.0 ng/dm for 20 d, as compared with the matched control, while NADH cytochrorne b5 reductases and NADPH cytochrome c reductase activities were induced after exposure to 10.0 ng/dm^3 TBT for 2 d. The EROD activity in the 10 ng/dm^3 group,and the NADH cytochrome b5 reductases activities in 1.0 and 10.0 ng/dm groups, were significantly induced when transferred to clean recovery tanks for 7 d. The three enzymic activities in the clams exposed to TBT were recovered to the level corresponding to that of the control group after transfer to clean recovery tanks for 20 d. NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity in Meretrix meretrix seems to be more sensitive to exposure of TBT than that of the EROD and NADH cytochrome b5 reductases. The results suggest that induction and inhibition by TBT to the monooxygenase system enzymic activity in Meretrix meretrix would simultaneously exist. The enzymic activities were inhibited by exposure for a long time. The results suggest that inhibition of the monooxygenase system should be an indication of the exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TBT for a long time.     

一种推广的缓坡方程

从流体力学基本方程出发，假定水流的涡量和垂向流速分量小量，推导出考虑非均匀水流的推广的缓坡方程，该方程中包含了△h^2h项和（△hh)^2项。在方程中引入底摩擦项、风能输入项和非线性项，其中风能输入项的推导考虑了风浪与涌浪的区别，风流情况依据青岛海洋大学的风浪成长经验关系，涌浪情况依据Snyder等人的观测结果。经过上述推广后，得到综合考虑折射、绕射、反射、非均匀水流、底摩擦损耗、风能输入及波浪非线性的推广的缓坡方程。     

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜在海洋动物发育生物学上的应用

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜具有成像清晰、获得三维图像、进行多标记观察等优势。本文扼要介绍了激光扫描共聚焦显微镜的原理和特点,着重阐述了激光扫描共聚焦显微镜在海洋动物配子发生;受精过程中细胞内Ca~(2 )变化、肌动蛋白转移和蛋白激酶变化;胚胎和幼体发育的三维成像等研究领域中的应用。并对LSCM在DNA含量、RNA含量等领域的定量、定性前景进行展望。     

60Co－γ辐照对坛紫菜原生质体诱变的研究

利用^60Co-γ射线对坛紫菜（Porphyra haitanensis）原生质体进行辐照诱变，发现原生质体对^60Co-γ射线有极强的耐受性。前期的培养结果表明，原生质体是一种理想的诱变材料。诱变结果表明，^60Co-γ射线对坛紫菜可诱变剂量范围很大，从200-1300 Gy均有突变株生成。诱变后细胞的存活率不宜作为坛紫菜诱变最佳剂量的指标。     

Effect of Sea Level Variation on Tidal Characteristic Values for the East China Sea

1 .IntroductionTheglobalairtemperatureroseabout 0 .5～ 0 .6°Coverthepast 2 0thcentury ,andtheglobalmeansealevelincreasedbyabout2 0cmduringtheperiod .Theregionalmeansealevelriseswiththerisingglobalmeansealevel.Zuoetal.( 1 997)indicatedthatthemeanrisingrateofabsolutemeansealevelalongtheChinacoastontheassumptionofunifiedisostaticdatumis 2mm a .Woodworth( 1 999)analyzedsealevelspanning 1 76 8tothepresentinLiverpool,andobtainedaseculartrendforheperiodupto 1 880of0 .39± 0 .1 7mm a ,andatrendfort…     

国家1:5万DLG数据质量检查软件的设计与实现

本文论述了国家1:5万DLG数据质量检查软件的功能、设计、特点与应用.