Triassic Nb-enriched basalts, magnesian andesites, and adakites of the Qiangtang terrane (Central Tibet): evidence for metasomatism by slab-derived melts in the mantle wedge

New chronological, geochemical, and isotopic data are reported for Triassic (219–236 Ma) adakite-magnesian andesite-Nb-enriched basaltic rock associations from the Tuotuohe area, central Qiangtang terrane. The adakites and magnesian andesites are characterized by high Sr/Y (25–45), La/Yb (14–42) and Na₂O/K₂O (12–49) ratios, high Al₂O₃ (15.34–18.28 wt%) and moderate to high Sr concentrations (220–498 ppm) and ε_ND (t) (+0.86 to +1.21) values. Low enrichments of Th, Rb relative to Nb, and subequal normalized Nb and La contents, and enrichments of light rare earth elements combine to distinguish a group of Nb-enriched basaltic rocks (NEBs). They have positive ε_ND (t) (+2.57 to +5.16) values. Positive correlations between Th, La and Nb and an absence of negative Nb anomalies on mantle normalized plots indicate the NEBs are products of a mantle source metasomatized by a slab melt rather than by hydrous fluids. A continuous compositional variation between adakites and magnesian andesites confirms slab melt interaction with mantle peridotite. The spatial association of the NEBs with adakites and magnesian andesites define an “adakitic metasomatic volcanic series” recognized in many demonstrably subduction-related environments (e.g., Mindanao arc, Philippines; Kamchatka arc, Russia; and southern Baja California arc, Mexico). The age of the Touhuohe suite, and its correlation with Triassic NEB to the north indicates that volcanism derived from subduction-modified mantle was abundant prior to 220 Ma in the central Qiangtang terrane.     

地震瞬时属性分析技术在岩溶勘查中的应用

介绍地震瞬时属性分析技术的原理及处理方法,分别对岩溶在地震剖面、瞬时振幅剖面、瞬时频率剖面、瞬时相位剖面上的表现特征作了说明.并结合实际资料进行多参数解释,进而确定地下岩溶的发育情况、分布范围和规模,同时对异常进行钻井验证,结果表明,地震瞬时属性分析技术比常规地震处理方法能更好地排除干扰,确定岩溶异常.     

平面图形演化方法在地震预报中的应用

“平面图形演化方法”是利用无量刚的异常信息量来反映震前异常空间分布及其随时间的演化，从而预报发震时间和地点的一种方法，这种方法μ值等值线图法，μ值异常平面图法组成，它是通过绘制不同的时间上述二种平面图，通过分析水位，水化异常于震前在时间上，空间上的演化规律，寻找μ值异常集中区或高值区，异常丛集图像分布区，条带图像分布带及条带交叉图像地区，并考虑异常分布图像与活动构造带和地震带的关系，从而对强震发生     

Screening Effect of the Diffusive Boundary Layer in Sediments of Lake Aha in the Suburbs of Guiyang City,Guizhou Province

The redox cycle of iron and manganese is a major geochemica process at the boundary layers of lake sediments.Lake Aha,which lies in the suburbs of Guiyang City,Guizhou Province,China,is a medium-sized artificial reservoir with seasonally anoxic hypolimnion,Long-term sedimentary accumulation of iron and manganese resulted in their enrichment in the upper sediments,In the anoxic season,Fe^2 and Mn^2 ,formed by diological oxidation,would diffuse up to overlying waters from sediments.However,the concentration of oxidation,would diffuse up to overlying waters from sediments,However,the concentration of Fe^2 increased later and decreased earlier than that of Mn^2 .Generally,sulfate reduction occurred at 6 cm below the sediment-water interface.Whereas,in the anoxic season.the reduction reached upper sediments,inhibiting the release of Fe^2 ,The Fe concentration of anoxic water is quickly decreased from high to low as a result of reduction of the suplhur system.     

Paleocollapse structure as a passageway for groundwater flow and contaminant transport

 Paleocollapse structure is a rock collapse, resulting from the failure in the geological history of the bedrock overlying karstified limestone. Depending on the present hydrogeological conditions within the area of paleocollapse and the internal properties of these structures, they can provide a means to facilitate groundwater flow and contaminant transport. Inactive paleocollapse structures can be reactivated by human activities such as dam construction, mining underground minerals, pumping groundwater, and development of landfills. They can also be reactivated by natural events such as earthquakes and neotectonic movements. In the mines of northern China, sudden inflow of karst water from Ordovician limestone into drifts and mining stopes through paleocollapse structures has caused significant economic loss. Water pumping tests and accompanied dye traces are effective approaches of locating water-conducting paleocollapse structures. Grouting is probably the best means of preventing them from becoming geohazards. Received: 26 November 1996 · Accepted: 17 June 1997     

小应力变化触发大地震的研究

近年来,地震的孕育和发生是否可以用临界现象来模拟的问题引起地震学家的广泛关注.研究这个问题的方法之一是检验小应力变化是否确实触发大地震发生.这种检验必须具备两个条件:第一是作用在地震孕震断层上的小应力变化,第二是选择地震发生需要不同环境应力水平的地震.相同量级的小应力变化对于不同环境应力水平下发生地震的影响如果没有区别,则触发效应不存在;如果有明显差别,则触发效应存在.     

Focal mechanism dependence of static stress triggering of earthquakes

We perform a global statistical investigation into the problem of Coulomb stress triggering of earthquakes by using the Harvard CMT catalogue of shallow earthquakes from 1976 to 2001. We consider ‘earthquake pairs’, i.e., pairs of successive earthquakes occurring near each other with similar focal mechanisms, and address the problem of whether or not the change of the Coulomb failure stress (CFS) produced by the first earthquake of the pair ‘encourages’ the occurrence of the second one. An interesting feature is that such a Coulomb stress-triggering phenomenon has an apparent focal mechanism dependence: for thrust earthquakes, a more evident triggering effect can be observed.     

Discovery of Eoarchean Meta-Dioritic Rocks in Anshan Area, China and Its Geological Significance

INTRoDUCTIONThe3.8GaBeijiafentrondhjemiticrockwasformedbypartialmeltingofsomeoldercontinentalmaterialintermsofgeochemicalresearches(Waneta1-,l999).Soitisveryim-portanttofindthemoreancientrocksintheAnshanarea.Therecentdiscoveryofthemeta-dioriticrockofEoarchaeanintheDongshanScenicSpotisspecificallyimportantsignifi-canceforit'GEOLOGYANDPETROGRAPHYlntheDongshanScenicSpotoftheAnshancity,thereis.anancientrockbeltbeingmorethanlomwideandstrikingapproximatelyNNW-SSE.Inthebelttherear…     

中国西部新生代火山活动及其大地构造背景——青藏及邻区火山岩的形成机制

在青藏高原及邻区考察了新生代火山岩 ,并对西藏的 5个火山岩省进行了岩石学和同位素地球化学的综合研究 ,探讨了火山岩的源区特征。西昆仑省喷发了钠质熔岩 ,而其它省均为钾质熔岩类 ;甘肃礼县新生代盆地主要以超镁铁质熔岩为主 ;云南的金沙江北段、腾冲以及滇东南的火山岩类在岩石组合、喷发时代和意义上独具特色。文中以陆内俯冲、岩石圈深部的大地构造演化 ,特别是“壳幔过渡带”的部分熔融 ,对它们的成因及科学意义进行了综合讨论。     

充填处理红宝石的鉴定

对红宝石的天然、合成、优化处理成因已有许多研究,其中有不少争议［１］。争议的焦点在于对其内含物（包裹体）的认识。因此,在鉴定工作中思路要宽,对内含物的一切可能成因要作全方位推断,然后一一甄别。１　测试样品及其一般宝石学特征１－１　测试样品本文测试样品为一条红宝石伴钻石手链,来自于广州市对一家有信誉的国营大公司的市场抽查。样品重７－５４ｇ,由１０粒规格为５－１×４－２ｍｍ的椭圆形刻面红宝石及１８粒圆形钻石组成,工艺精美,商家称为“镶嵌红宝石手链”。１－２　一般宝石学特征１０粒红宝石颜色统一,为较均…