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1.
Ichiro Hasegawa 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1996,72(1-3):311-316
Chinese and Japanese historical records of daytime fireballs, and world-wide daytime meteorite falls in the catalogue have been investigated. Among them, there are 253 and 104 records of great daytime fireballs in China and in Japan respectively, and 506 meteorite falls in the daytime are recorded in the Catalogue of Meteorites (1985). The same trends of seasonal and daily variations in the flux of daytime fireballs are clearly seen in both Chinese and Japanese records, and then the distributions of the daytime fireballs seem to suggest the association with meteorites and near-earth minor planets rather than with comets. Possible relations with minor planets, such as (1566) Icarus, (3671) Dionysius, (4450) Pan, (4486) Mithra and others are suggested. 相似文献
2.
Osamu Kameya Tatsuhiko Hasegawa Naomi Hirano Munezo Seki Makoto Tosa Yoshiaki Taniguchi Keiya Takakubo 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1986,118(1-2):449-451
CS(J=1–0), C34S(J=1–0), and CH3OH(10–00A and E) emission lines in the core region of molecular cloud associated with NGC 7538 have been surveyed at angular resolution of 33. Distribution of CS column density shows two prominent peaks. Both blue and red wings in CS line are most prominent at 30 northwest of IRS 11.Paper presented at the IAU Third Asian-Pacific Regional Meeting, held in Kyoto, Japan, between 30 September–6 October, 1984.This work was carried out under the common use observation program at the Nobeyama Radio Observatory (NRO). NRO, a branch of the Tokyo Astronomical Observatory, University of Tokyo, is a cosmic radio observing facility open to outside users. 相似文献
3.
Concern for natural hazard-triggered technological disasters (Natech disasters) in densely populated and industrialized areas
is growing. Residents living in urban areas subject to high natural hazard risk are often unaware of the potential for secondary
disasters such as hazardous materials releases from neighboring industrial facilities, chemical storage warehouses or other
establishments housing hazardous materials. Lessons from previous disasters, such as the Natech disaster during the Kocaeli
earthquake in Turkey in 1999 call for the need to manage low frequency/high consequence events, particularly in today’s densely
populated areas. However, there is little guidance available on how local governments and communities can assess Natech risk.
To add to the problem, local governments often do not have the human or economic resources or expertise to carry out detailed
risk assessments. In this article, we propose a methodology for preliminary assessment of Natech risk in urban areas. The
proposed methodology is intended for use by local government officials in consultation with the public. The methodology considers
possible interactions between the various systems in the urban environment: the physical infrastructure (e.g., industrial
plants, lifeline systems, critical facilities), the community (e.g., population exposed), the natural environment (e.g., delicate
ecosystems, river basins), and the risk and emergency management systems (e.g., structural and nonstructural measures). Factors
related to vulnerability and hazard are analyzed and qualitative measures are recommended. Data from hazardous materials releases
during the Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake of August 17, 1999 are used as a case study to demonstrate the applicability of the
methodology. Limitations of the proposed methodology are discussed as well as future research needs.
相似文献
Norio OkadaEmail: |
4.
5.
Yoshimi Kawai Hiroshi Kawamura Sumio Tanba Kentaro Ando Kunio Yoneyama Norio Nagahama 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(6):825-838
In order to investigate the validity of buoy-observed sea surface temperature (SST), we installed special instruments to measure
near-surface ocean temperature on the TRITON buoy moored at 2.07°N, 138.06°E from 2 to 13 March 2004, in addition to a standard
buoy sensor for the regular SST measurement at 1.5-m depth. Large diurnal SST variations were observed during this period,
and the variations of the temperatures at about 0.3-m depth could be approximately simulated by a one-dimensional numerical
model. However, there was a notable discrepancy between the buoy-observed 1.5-m-depth SST (SST1.5m) and the corresponding model-simulated temperature only during the daytime when the diurnal rise was large. The evaluation
of the heat balance in the sea surface layer showed that the diurnal rise of the SST1.5m in these cases could not be accounted for by solar heating alone. We examined the depth of the SST1.5m sensor and the near-surface temperature observed from a ship near the buoy, and came to the conclusion that the solar heating
of the buoy hull and/or a disturbance in the temperature field around the buoy hull would contribute to the excessive diurnal
rise of the SST1.5m observed with the TRITON buoy. However, the temperature around the hull was not sufficiently homogenized, as suggested in
a previous paper. For the diurnal rise of the SST1.5m exceeding 0.5 K, the daytime buoy data became doubtful, through dynamics that remain to be clarified. A simple formula is
proposed to correct the unexpected diurnal amplitude of the buoy SST1.5m. 相似文献
6.
Dynamic damaging potential of ground motions must be evaluated by the response behaviour of structures, and it is necessary to indicate what properties of ground motions are most appropriate for evaluation. For that purpose, the behaviour of energy input process and hysteretic energy dissipation are investigated in this study. It is found that the momentary input energy that is an index for the intensity of input energy is related to the characteristics of earthquakes such as cyclic or impulsive, and to the response displacement of structures immediately. On the basis of these results, a procedure is proposed to predict inelastic response displacement of structures by corresponding earthquake input energy to structural dissipated damping and hysteretic energy. In this procedure the earthquake response of structures is recognized as an input and dissipation process of energy, and therefore structural properties and damaging properties of ground motions can be taken into account more generally. Lastly, the studies of the pseudodynamic loading test of reinforced concrete structure specimens subjected to ground motions with different time duration are shown. The purpose of this test is to estimate the damaging properties of ground motions and the accuracy of the proposed prediction procedure. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
Horie Kei Maki Norio Kohiyama Masayuki Lu Hengjian Tanaka Satoshi Hashitera Shin Shigekawa Kishie Hayashi Haruo 《Natural Hazards》2003,29(3):341-370
Rebuilding of victims' livelihoods was a crucial issue in the restoration process in the1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster. Housing damage assessment influencedmost of the rebuilding of the livelihood in the long term, because the Victim Certificatesissued by the local governments based on the results of the Housing damage assessmentwas required to receive most of the individual assistance measures. In the process ofHousing damage assessment, many complex problems arose, leading to extensivework on the part of the disaster responders. Consequently, a considerable number ofvictims were dissatisfied with the assessment and applied for a resurvey. Due to a floodof requests for resurvey, disaster responders had to work on damage assessment, leavingrelief activities aside.In order to facilitate Housing damage assessment, this paper discusses thefollowing five points: (1) the processes and the problems of assessments performedin the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster, (2) the changes in the nature of informationneeded by the victims, (3) the improvements over the present damage assessment, (4)the housing situation in Japan, and (5) the international situation on damage assessment.It is obvious from the results that a poor damage assessment system and the size ofthe disaster produced a very large work load. Differences in appreciation among theinvestigators also contributed to unfair assessments and led to the victims beingincreasingly dissatisfied by the survey results. Finally, a design concept for acomprehensive damage assessment system, which has been derived from theabove five points, is proposed for post-disaster management. 相似文献
8.
Yoshiko Kawabata Hiroyuki Nakahara Yukio Katayama Norio Ishida 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1997,6(1):5-16
The Aral Sea, Lake Balkhash, and Lake Kamyslybas are closed lakes in Central Asia. They range from oligosaline to metasaline.
The salinity of the Aral Sea has increased by more than 30 g L−1 since widespread irrigation began in its catchment area. Few studies of the phytoplankton have been conducted on these lakes
since extensive irrigation started. The investigation reported here compares the flora of phytoplankton in these saline lakes.
In the Small Aral Sea, phytoplankton density gradually decreased with increasing electrical conductivity (EC) (∼ salinity),
but there was no such relation in Lake Balkhash and Lake Kamyslybas. In the Aral Sea, Dinophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were
frequently observed in most areas of high EC value, and Cyanophyceae were most conspicuous in the area of medium and lower
EC values. In Lake Balkhash, Cyanophyceae were most conspicuous, but Chlorophyceae were also noticeable. Most Cyanophyceae
in Aral Sea formed filaments with heterocysts. The distinct characteristic of the phytoplankton of the Lake Balkhash was that
all dominant species form colonies covered with a gelatinous film. Siliceousplankton diversity gradually decreased with increasing
EC values in the Aral Sea and Lake Balkhash. 相似文献
9.
10.
Jian Zeng Tian-Chang Chen Wei-Bin Han Jun Fan Si-Hua Zheng Akira Hasegawa Shigeki Horiuchij Satoshi Matsumoto 《地震学报(英文版)》1997,10(3):313-320
Based on the single scattering model of coda power spectrum analysis, digital waveform data of 50 events recorded by the real-time
processing system of the Chengdu telemetry network are analyzed to estimate the Q
c values of earth medium beneath the Chengdu telemetry network for several specified frequencies. It is found that the Q
c shows the frequency dependency in the form of Q
c = Q
0
f
n in the range of 1.0 to 20.0Hz. Estimated Q
0 ranges from 60.83 to 178.05, and n is found to be 0.713 to 1.159. The average value of Q
0 and n are 117 and 0.978 respectively. This result indicates the strong frequency dependency of the attenuation of coda waves beneath
the Chengdu telemetry network. Comparing with the results obtained in other regions of the world, it is found that Q
0
−1 value and its change with frequency are similar to those in regions with strong tectonic activity.
This subject is supported by the Ministry of Personnel, China for partly sponsoring. 相似文献