地理国情普查地表覆盖分类信息采集成果质量控制的关键环节

开展地理国情监测是国家测绘地理信息局＂十二五＂发展战略的重要举措,开展普查试点是整个项目成功与否的关键环节。针对生产实际,结合在检查工作中的一些经验对地理国情普查地表覆盖分类信息采集成果质量检查的主要内容和方法进行较全面的阐述,探讨影响分类信息采集成果质量的主要因素及关键技术环节。     

玉米生育期热量指标及其不同品种的栽培北界

利用玉米分期播种资料,分析不同发育期发育速度与温度的关系得出：在作物营养生长期,用有效积温作为热量指标比较稳定;播种到出苗期,不同品种的生物学下限温度基本在８℃左右;出苗到抽雄所需的有效积温可用品种的叶片数来计算,有效积温与叶片数关系可以写成ｙ＝３０．２ｘ＋３１．８;进入繁殖生长期,用＞１０℃积温作为抽雄到成熟的热量指标,并用抽雄期进行订正。用播种到成熟各发育阶段的热量指标来确定能否成熟和因成熟度所造成的减产程度。把品种在８０％年份能够成熟的地区作为品种栽培的北界。     

Spatial pattern reconstruction of regional habitat quality based on the simulation of land use changes from 1975 to 2010

Reconstruction of the spatial pattern of regional habitat quality can revivify the ecological environment background at certain historical periods and provide scientific support for revealing the evolution of regional ecological environmental quality.In this study,we selected 10 driving factors of land use changes,including elevation,slope,aspect,GDP,population,temperature,precipitation,river distance,urban distance,and coastline distance,to construct the CA-Markov model parameters and acquired the land use spatial data for 1975,1980,1985,1990,and 1995 by simulation based on the land use status map for 2010.On this basis,we used the InVEST model to reconstruct the spatial pattern of habitat quality in the study area and conducted classification division and statistical analysis on the computed habitat degradation degree index and the habitat quality index.(1)The results showed that from 1975 to 2010,the habitat degradation degree gradually increased,and the habitat degradation grade spatially presented a layered progressive distribution.Habitat quality presented a constantly decreasing trend.The high-value zones were mainly distributed in the mountainous areas,while the low-value zones were mostly located in built-up areas.During the period of 1975-2010,low-value zones gradually expanded to their surrounding high-value zones,and the high-value zones of habitat quality tended to be fragmented.(2)The spatial-temporal variation characteristics of habitat quality from 1975 to 2010 showed that the regions with low habitat quality were difficult to be restored and mostly maintained their original state;the regions with poor habitat quality,which accounted for 6.40%of the total study area,continued to deteriorate,mainly around built-up areas;the regions with good and superior habitat quality,which accounted for 5.68%of the total study area,were easily converted to regions with bad or poor habitat quality,thus leading to the fragmentation of the regional habitat.(3)From 1975 to 2010,land use changes in the study area were significant and had a huge influence on habitat quality;the habitat quality in the study area decreased consistently,and the area of the regions with bad and poor habitat quality accounted for more than 60%of the total study area.Construction land was the largest factor threatening habitat quality.     

黑龙江省玉米品种布局的农业气候依据

根据玉米分期播种资料,得出不同品种从播种到出苗、从出苗到抽雄及从抽雄到成熟的热量指标,以地区热量资源的满足程度确定玉米成熟度及成熟概率。根据不同品种的成熟概率及收益状况,利用概率决策方法确定地区的主栽品种,利用线性规划方法求解不同品种最佳搭配的比例。可为充分利用热量资源,获得最佳的经济效益提供气候依据。     

基于布格重力异常小波多尺度分析方法研究首都圈地区构造特征

首都圈地区是中国大陆东部构造极为复杂的地区之一。本文利用首都圈地区布格重力资料,采用小波多尺度分析方法对布格重力异常信息进行了局部场分离,对场源在横向及纵向上所产生的异常现象进行了多层次的分析,将这些现象与地质构造环境建立起联系,对其产生原因给予了地质上的充分解释。重点对小波变换细节图中存在的规模较大、特征较为明显的两条NE向及一条NWW向布格重力异常带进行了深入分析,对异常所揭示的构造现象在地壳不同深度的展布特性等进行了研究。研究发现,3条布格重力异常分别反映了华北地区的3条构造带,分别为太行山前构造带、沧县构造带以及张家口-渤海构造带,每个构造带分别由次级隆起、凹陷以及断裂构造单元组成。研究认为太行山山前断裂带为深大断裂,构成了华北裂谷盆地与太行山隆起的地球物理分界,沧县构造带与张家口-渤海构造带新生代以来仍具有一定的活动性。其中在两条NE向构造带与NNW向构造带的交汇区域,地壳结构最为复杂,形成了两条非常重要的地震带,在今后的工作中需要重点关注。通过研究,对首都圈地区构造体系及地壳结构有了深入认识,为进一步研究华北地区壳幔结构提供了参考。     

卫星重力发展及应用

卫星重力资料在恢复地球重力场方面具有全球高覆盖率、高空间分辨率、高精度和高时间重复率等优点,为大地测量和地球物理学科的发展开辟了新的途径。本文简要回顾了卫星重力的发展历程,介绍了四种卫星重力探测技术的原理和发展状况,并分析了三颗重力卫星的优点和不足,最后对卫星重力在地球科学中的的应用情况进行了简要总结。     

The Eocene corundum-bearing rocks in the Gangdese arc,south Tibet:Implications for tectonic evolution of the Himalayan orogen

The genesis of Liangguo corundum deposit in the southern Gangdese magmatic arc, east-central Himalaya, remains unknown. The present study shows that the corundum-bearing rocks occur as lenses with variable sizes in the Eocene gabbro that intruded into marble. These corundum-bearing rocks have highly variable mineral assemblage and mode. The corundum-rich rocks are characterized by containing abundant corundum, and minor spinel, ilmenite and magnetite, whereas the corundum-poor and corundum-free rocks have variable contents of spinel, plagioclase, sillimanite, cordierite, ilmenite and magnetite. The host gabbro shows variable degrees of hydration and carbonization. The corundum grains are mostly black, and rarely blue, and have minor Fe O and TiO_2. The spinel is hercynite, with high Fe O and low Mg O contents. The corundum-bearing rocks have variable but high Al_2O_3, FeO and TiO_2, and low SiO_2 contents. Inherited magmatic and altered zircons of the corundum-bearing rocks have similar U e Pb ages(~47 Ma) to the magmatic zircons of the host gabbro, indicating corundum-bearing rock formation immediately after the gabbro intrusion. We considered that emplacement of gabbro induced the contact metamorphism of the country-rock marble and the formation of silica-poor fluid. The channeled infiltration of generated fluid in turn resulted in the hydrothermal metasomatism of the gabbro, which characterized by considerable loss of Si from the gabbro and strong residual enrichment of Al. The metasomatic alteration probably formed under Pe T conditions of ~2.2 -2.8 kbar and ~650 -700℃. We speculate that SiO_2, CaO and Na_2O were mobile, and Al_2O_3, FeO, TiO_2 and high field strength elements remained immobile during the metasomatic process of the gabbro. The Liangguo corundum deposit, together with metamorphic corundum deposits in Central and Southeast Asia, were related to the Cenozoic Himalayan orogeny, and therefore are plate tectonic indicators.     

Cu2+对泥蚶血红蛋白(Tg-HbⅡ)的过氧化物酶活性与结构的影响

本文利用Cu2+处理泥蚶血红蛋白（Tg-HbⅡ）,分别检测Cu2+对Tg-HbⅡ的过氧化物酶活性及其结构的影响,同时检测Pro对Cu2+作用下Tg-HbⅡ的保护作用。结果表明:随着Cu2+浓度的增加,Tg-HbⅡ的过氧化物酶活性逐渐丧失,Cu2+抑制Tg-HbⅡ的过氧化物酶活性类型属于非竞争-竞争混合型抑制,其失活速率具有浓度依赖性,失活过程呈单相变化,表现为一级反应动力学,并且不同浓度Cu2+能影响Tg-HbⅡ的三级结构变化;另外,Pro对Tg-HbⅡ的空间结构及其过氧化物酶活性具有保护作用,能阻止Tg-HbⅡ的聚沉、恢复Tg-HbⅡ的结构与过氧化物酶活性。     

基于土地利用格局重建的区域生境质量时空变化分析

区域生境质量决定了区域内生物多样性状况,是生态系统服务功能和生态系统健康程度的重要体现,生境质量变化研究对区域生态安全具有重要的意义,重建区域生境质量空间格局可以还原历史时期的生态环境本底,为揭示区域生态环境质量演变规律提供科学支撑。选取高程、坡度、坡向、GDP、人口、温度、降雨量、河流距离、城市距离和海岸线距离10个土地利用变化驱动因子,构建CA-Markov模型参数,模拟得到历史土地利用空间数据。在此基础上,运用InVEST模型重建泛长三角地区生境质量空间格局,并对计算得到的生境退化度指数和生境质量指数进行等级划分与统计分析。结果表明：① 土地利用模拟精度验证结果显示Kappa系数为0.88,土地利用空间格局重建方法可行,可以在此基础上开展生境质量模拟研究。② 泛长三角地区1975—2010年生境退化度逐期上升,生境退化等级在空间分布上呈圈层递变分布规律。生境质量则表现为逐期下降,高值区主要分布于山区,低值区大部分位于建成区;1975—2010年期间,低值区逐渐向周边高值区域演变,生境高值区域趋于破碎化。③ 1975—2010年生境质量时空变化特征表明：生境质量差等级区域,其生境难以修复,维持原状居多;生境质量较差等级区域易继续恶化,且易发生在建成区周边区域,占比为研究区总面积的6.40%;生境等级为良好和优等的区域,其生境等级易转换为差等和较差等级,使得该区域的生境破碎化,该类型的面积占比为研究区总面积的5.68%。④ 1975—2010年期间,研究区土地利用变化显著,对生境质量造成了巨大的影响;研究区生境质量逐期变差,其生境质量等级位于较差及以下区域面积占比均达到了60%以上,建设用地为生境质量最大的威胁因子。     

低温冷害对玉米含水率的影响

在分析不同品种玉米热量指标的基础上分析了成熟度与籽粒百粒重的关系以及成熟度对玉米籽粒含水率的影响,并在此基础上分析了玉米不同品种在不同地区的成熟度及其概率,从而为品种合理布局提供依据。