NF1~180mut表达载体构建及其在脑血管细胞中的表达

目的 前期研究中发现一合并脑血管狭窄的Ⅰ型神经纤维瘤病家系,为探索血管狭窄的病因,本研究构建该家系患者NF1基因共同突变产物NF1~180mut的过表达质粒,观察该质粒在脑血管细胞中的表达。方法 设计NF1~180mut全长序列的相应引物,采用pEGFP-N1作为载体框架,构建pEGFP-N1/NF1~180mut表达载体,通过Western blot法及共聚焦检测其蛋白表达;之后采用脂质体转染重组质粒于脑血管平滑肌细胞或内皮细胞中观察NF1~180mut在两种脑血管细胞中的表达。结果 ①成功构建了NF1~180mut表达载体;②该表达载体可在脑血管内皮细胞及平滑肌细胞内表达;③初步通过细胞计数研究及增殖实验显示NF1~180mut对脑血管平滑肌细胞和血管内皮细胞的生长及增殖有一定的作用。结论 本研究中构建了NF1-Q181X突变后的产物NF1~180mut表达载体,为进一步深入研究NF1~180mut导致脑血管狭窄发生的通路提供了良好的体外研究工具。     

托木尔峰国家级自然保护区土地利用/覆被生态服务价值变化分析

参照中国陆地生态系统服务价值当量,结合研究区不同土地利用∕覆被类型的生物生产量,研究各土地利用/覆被类型的生态服务价值变化。结果表明：① 1989-2014年,冰川面积增长27.63%,草地增长35.69%,水体减少55.43%,荒地减少13.81%,林地减少9.87%;1989-2002年的区域综合动态度为0.72%,2002-2014年的为0.62%。② 保护区的生态服务价值为52.31×10⁸元/a,突出了保护区重要的生态地位。在保护区11项生态服务功能中,水文调节和水资源供给生态服务功能价值最高,食物和原料生产生态服务功能价值较低。③ 1989-2014年生态服务总价值量降低31.49%,其中冰川和草地的总价值量持续增长27.63%和35.70%,水体和荒地的持续减少55.43%和13.81%,林地的先减22.13%,后增15.75%。在价值构成比例上,1989年水体占主要地位,2014年冰川占主要地位。     

Tyatya Volcano, southwestern Kuril arc: Recent eruptive activity inferred from widespread tephra

Abstract Tyatya Volcano, situated in Kunashir Island at the southwestern end of Kuril Islands, is a large composite stratovolcano and one of the most active volcanoes in the Kuril arc. The volcanic edifice can be divided into the old and the young ones, which are composed of rocks of distinct magma types, low‐ and medium‐K series, respectively. The young volcano has a summit caldera with a central cone. Recent eruptions have occurred at the central cone and at the flank vents of the young volcano. We found several distal ash layers at the volcano and identified their ages and sources, that is, tephras of ad 1856, ad 1739, ad 1694 and ca 1 Ka derived from three volcanoes of Hokkaido, Japan, and caad 969 from Baitoushan Volcano of China/North Korea. These could provide good time markers to reveal the eruptive history of the central cone, which had continued intermittently with Strombolian eruptions and lava flow effusions since before 1 Ka. Relatively explosive eruptions have occurred three times at the cone during the past 1000 years. We revealed that, topographically, the youngest lava flows from the cone are covered not by the tephra of ad 1739 but by that of ad 1856. This evidence, together with a report of dense smoke rising from the summit in ad 1812, suggests that the latest major eruption with lava effusion from the central cone occurred in this year. In 1973, after a long period of dormancy, short‐lived phreatomagmatic eruptions began to occur from fissure vents at the northern flank of the young volcano. This was followed by large eruptions of Strombolian to sub‐Plinian types occurring from several craters at the southern flank. The 1973 activity is evaluated as Volcanic Explosivity Index = 4 (approximately 0.2 km³), the largest eruption during the 20th century in the southwestern Kuril arc. The rocks of the central cone are strongly porphyritic basalt and basaltic andesite, whereas the 1973 scoria is aphyric basalt, suggesting that magma feeding systems are definitely different between the summit and flank eruptions.