我国抗灾建设与防灾对策之研究

本文根据我年来研究国内外防灾经验，分析了我国自然灾害的基本现状，总结了建国以来的减灾工作状况，提出了经济发展听防灾之对策，为下世纪我国抗灾策略提供了基本思路。     

Formulation of the thermodynamic functions for mantle minerals: MgO as an example

The formulas for thermodynamic functions for minerals are presented, couched in terms of the important thermodynamic variable K_T= (P/T)_v, where is the volume thermal expansivity and K_T is the isothermal bulk modulus. Presenting the formulas in this way leads to simplification since K_T as a product varies only slightly with volume, and is close to being independent of temperature at high temperature. Using our equations, we present as examples some computed data in the form of graphs on the entropy, internal energy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy in the high temperature regime (up to 2000 K) and for high compression (up to 0.7), for MgO. For entropy, knowledge of the V, T dependence of K_T is sufficient. For enthalpy and internal energy, the equation of state is needed in addition.     

‘98洪涝灾害的深层次原因系统分析

１９９８年６月～１９９８年９月长江流域发生特大洪灾,以高水迎峰,上压下顶,峰急水猛,时长量大为特征,百万军民齐心协力,坚持到底,夺取了抗洪救灾斗争的决定性胜利。分析洪灾形成的主要原因,除气候反常、降雨集中等自然因素外,也存在水土流失,植被减少,围湖造田,河道淤积,水利工程失修、老化,法制观念淡薄,投入问题尖锐,承灾功能脆弱,人口急剧增长,协调失误等深层次的问题。对此作系统分析,以期能供决策部门在以后抗洪救灾中参考,对职能部门起到咨询作用     

中国水土保持研究回顾

The preservation and sustainable development of soil and water resources is one of the basic principles for the development of China. Throughout the course of history, all the social improvement and economic development are deeply concerned with soil loss and ecological environmental protection. It is now a common sense that soil and water conservation is the safety insurance for national ecology and its development. For the past long period of time, soil and water loss has been recognized as “the No. 1 killer“ to the ecological environment. The nation is on the stage of the critical conditions for its development. China has massive mountain and upland area with complicated geological conditions and accelerated human destruction and serious soil and water loss.Based on rich historical documents, renovating experience and detailed analysis of the data collected in field experiments and field surveys for soil and water conservation, this paper aims to review the general characteristics of soil and water loss, to explore the relationship between soil and water conservation and sustainable economic development, and to provide relevant strategies for soil and water conservation in China.     

可持续发展与自然灾害类型的分析研究

在人口与经济快速增长的条件下，人与自然关系的不协调发展导致了自然灾害频繁发生。为了协调环境与资源的关系，拓展并良化人类生存空间，作者根据多年来收集的自然灾害资料与研究成果，对自然灾害的分类与危害进行了系统分析，在采用边缘科学相互交叉的基础上，从社会经济可持续发展的战略角度出发，总结了国内外防灾工作的经验，提出了防御自然灾害的减免措施。     

A review of soil and water conservation in China

The preservation and sustainable development of soil and water resources is one of the basic principles for the development of China. Throughout the course of history, all the social improvement and economic development are deeply concerned with soil loss and ecological environmental protection. It is now a common sense that soil and water conservation is the safety insurance for national ecology and its development. For the past long period of time, soil and water loss has been recognized as "the No.1 killer" to the ecological environment. The nation is on the stage of the critical conditions for its development. China has massive mountain and upland area with complicated geological conditions and accelerated human destruction and serious soil and water loss. Based on rich historical documents, renovating experience and detailed analysis of the data collected in field experiments and field surveys for soil and water conservation, this paper aims to review the general characteristics of soil and water loss, to explore the relationship between soil and water conservation and sustainable economic development, and to provide relevant strategies for soil and water conservation in China.     

黄土高原水土流失地区粮食生产潜力与发展途径

农业是国民经济的基础, 粮食是基础的基础。黄土高原地区是中华民族文化的发祥地,也是我国历史上早期农牧业生产区和政治中心,粮食是该区人民赖以生存的最基本产业。探索其发展规律, 分析其障碍因素, 寻求其发展潜力, 采取 “一靠政策, 二靠科技, 三靠投入, 四靠保护, 五靠工作”的战略措施, 对同类地区的粮食发展具有重要意义。     

中国城市化与地质灾害之分析

在大量调查,分析与研究的基础上,结合中国经济发展中城市快速发展面临的一系列地质灾害,采用自然科学与社会科学相互交叉的方法,分析了城市地质灾害的危害性及对城市发展的影响,根据中国城市发展的实际情况和２０００年国民经济计划及２０１０年远景目标,因地制宜地提出了整治城市地质灾害的基本对策与管理措施,为国家在制定城市发展远景规划和奋斗目标中提供基本思路。     

困扰我国21世纪的环境退化问题研究

生态系统是社会再生产的自然环境。中国是一个发展中国家，正在加速实现工业化，城市化及农业现代化。但以城市为＝中心的环境污染和以农村为纽带的环境退化正困扰着我国国民经济的发展。本文分析了中国经济发展中环境面临的主要问题和退化症结，根据市场经济发展的要求，提出了生态、经济、技术一体化的综合整治对策，为中国制定生态环境规划提供基本思路。     

中国现阶段的人口,土地,粮食,灾害恶性循环与逆转对策

长期以来，由于忽视了人口、土地、粮食与灾害系统内各因素的相互协调，人类的生存与发展基本问题越来越多地摆在我们面前，致使在人口增长过快情况下，产生了土地资源质减量退，粮食生产徘徊不前，自然灾害频繁发生等危害生国计的社会问题，在跨入２１世纪的关键时期，如何采取有力措施解决上述问题，已为９０年代的重要任务，针对针中国国际本文分析了人口，土地，粮食，灾害相互间的关系，进而提出了相应之对策。