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Yongquan Hu Qiang Wang Jinzhou Zhao Ziyi Guo Yong Zhang Chun Mao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(23):778
The aim of the study involves examining the effect of heavy oil viscosity on fracture geometry in detail by establishing a heavy oil fracturing model and conventional fracturing model based on thermal–hydraulic–mechanical (THM) coupled theory, Walther viscosity model, and K–D–R temperature model. We consider viscosity and density within the heavy oil fracturing model as functions of pressure and temperature while that as constants within the conventional fracturing model. A heavy oil production well is set as an example to analyze the differences between the two models to account for the thermo-poro-elastic effect. The results show that temperature exhibits the most significant influence on the heavy oil viscosity while the influence of pressure is the least. In addition, a cooling area with a width of 0–1 m and varied length is generated near the fracture. The heavy oil viscosity increases sharply in this area, thereby indicating an area of viscosity increment. The heavy oil viscosity increases faster and is closer to wellbore, and a high viscosity increment reduces the mobility of the heavy oil and prevents the fracturing fluid from entering into the reservoir. The special viscosity distribution results in significant differences in pore pressure, oil saturation, and changing trends between these two models. In the heavy oil reservoir fracturing model, the thermal effect completely exceeds the influence of pore elasticity, and the values of the fracture length, width, and static pressure exceed those calculated in the conventional fracturing model. Thus, a comparison of the measured values indicates that the results obtained by considering viscosity as a function of temperature and pressure are more accurate. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to provide good guidelines for the design of heavy oil fracturing. 相似文献
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The Subei Shoal is the largest sandy ridge in the southern Yellow Sea and is important source for nutrient loading to the sea. Here, the nutrient fluxes in the Subei Shoal associated with eddy diffusion and submarine groundwater discharge(SGD) were assessed to understand their impacts on the nutrient budget in the Yellow Sea. Based on the analysis of 223 Ra and 224 Ra in the field observation, the offshore eddy diffusivity mixing coefficient and SGD were estimated to be 2.3×108 cm 相似文献
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赵靖舟 《地球科学与环境学报》1987,(4)
地球灾变一向被看成是生物进化的破坏性因素,但本文认为,正是这些灾变给生物进化带来一片生机。每一次灾变使旧有生物成批衰亡,往往有几十上百种生物一起灭绝,但同时也使新兴生物的崛起和繁盛有了广阔的生态空间。不仅如此,灾变还可以使旧生物跃变形成新生物,甚至可以制造、创造新生命。生命形成的一系列化合合成反应所需要的巨大能量,恰恰可能来源于形成灾变的火山作用、宇宙射线照射作用等。 相似文献
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Natural Resources Research - As typical low-permeability unconventional fossil resources, tight sandstone oil cannot be exploited economically without effective hydraulic fracturing. Fracability is... 相似文献
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锦州东港电力有限公司矿泉水水源地位于辽西中部断陷盆地锦州盆地的北端。地处中新生代上侏罗统及白垩系构成的对称向斜,NNE新华夏系断裂构造经由锦州盆地通过。工作区第四系覆盖6-14m,下伏孙家湾组(K2S)砂质泥岩、砂砾岩和义县组(K1y)火山碎屑岩、英安岩、安山岩及火山凝灰角砾岩。对该区进行地质水文资料综合分析的基础上,采用电阻率联合剖面、高密度电阻率法、电测深(电阻率、衰减时及极化率)多种物探电法综合勘查,确定断裂构造位置、产状及赋水性。经验证获得涌水量312t/d具有商业价值的矿泉水水源地。这一工作方法在辽西火山岩贫水区进行水资源勘查具有推广意义。 相似文献
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基于223Ra和224Ra的桑沟湾海底地下水排放通量 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
海底地下水排放(SGD)是陆地向海洋输送水量和营养物质的重要通道之一,对沿海物质通量及其生物地球化学循环有重要的影响,对生态环境起着不可忽视的作用。本文运用天然放射性同位素223Ra和224Ra示踪估算了我国北方典型养殖基地桑沟湾的海底地下水排放通量。结果表明,海底地下水样尤其是间隙水中Ra活度[224Ra=(968±31)dpm/(100 L),223Ra=(31.4±4.9)dpm/(100 L),n=9]远高于表层海水[224Ra=(38.7±2.0)dpm/(100 L),223Ra=(1.70±0.50)dpm/(100 L), n=21]。假设稳态条件下,考虑Ra的各源、汇项,利用Ra平衡模型,估算出桑沟湾SGD排放通量为(0.23~1.03)×107 m3/d。潮周期内的观测结果显示,涨潮时,水力梯度较小,SGD排放变弱,落潮时,水力梯度较大,导致了相对较多的SGD排放。在一个潮周期间,基于223Ra和224Ra得到的SGD排放通量平均为0.39×107 m3/d。潮汐动力下的SGD排放平均占总SGD排放的61%,因此桑沟湾沿岸的地下水排放主要受潮汐动力的影响,并对海水组成及海陆间物质交换有显著贡献。 相似文献
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Mangrove-derived dissolved organic matter(DOM) has an important effect on estuarine and coastal area on a large scale.In order to improve the understanding of origin,composition,and fate of DOM in mangrove-fringed estuarine and coastal areas,dissolved humic substances(DHS) were isolated from one mangrove pore-water sample and one near-shore seawater sample downstream the mangrove pore-water site in the eastern coast of Hainan Island,South China.Fulvic acids,humic acids and XAD-4 fractions were obtained from the two water samples by using a two-column array of XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins.Chemical and spectroscopic methods were used to analyze the features of these DHS.Compared to the mangrove pore-water DHS,the near-shore seawater DHS were found rich in 13 C with lower C/N ratios and more aliphatic compounds and carbohydrates,but less aromatic structures and carboxyl groups.As for the three fractions of the two DHS,XAD-4 fractions contain more aliphatics,carbohydrates,carboxyl groups,and enrich in 13 C with respect to both fulvic and humic acids.Photo-oxidation transformation and contribution from marine-derived DOM were considered as the main reasons resulted in the difference in compositional features for these DHS in this study. 相似文献