浅论双重管理体制下无锡市水文站网规划设计

无锡市机构编制委员会在江苏省率先正式批复江苏省水文水资源勘测局无锡分局增挂“无锡市水文局”牌子,实行省市双重领导,以省为主管理体制,并明确了无锡市水文局为地方服务的七项职责。无锡水文在新的历史发展时期下,水文站网规划设计应该紧紧围绕无锡水利、服务无锡水利、融入无锡水利,才能发挥水文体制省市双重领导、以省为主管理的最大效益。     

基于生物信息学探讨骨质疏松症与2型糖尿病的关系

目的：基于生物信息学探讨骨质疏松症与 2 型糖尿病的关系。方法：通过基因表达汇编（GEO）数据库检索骨质疏松症和2型糖尿病的相关数据集,并筛选骨质疏松症-2型糖尿病共同差异表达基因,将数据导入STRING数据库找寻关键基因,以一个单细胞测序数据集作为检验集验证关键基因细胞层面的表达水平,对筛选结果进行基因本体（GO）功能及京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集分析,并对关键靶点、相关中药进行频数统计及功效分类。结果：骨质疏松症与 2 型糖尿病相关通路集中在 ErbB信号通路、丝活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路、神经营养素信号通路、NOD样受体信号通路。频数统计结果显示,与骨质疏松症-2型糖尿病关键基因相关的中药有51味,以功效分类,可分为清热解毒药、止痛药、祛风药、补虚药、止呕药。结论：骨质疏松症和2型糖尿病都是复杂的代谢性疾病,涉及众多基因表达网络和信号通路。尽管两种疾病存在复杂的基因网络背景,但是分析结果表明两种疾病之间仍存在高度重合的差异基因表达和信号通路。这表明两种疾病的分子机制密切相关,可能存在共同调控的靶点,因此这些靶点可能成为药物同时干预两种疾病的治疗靶点。     

Chemical forms of heavy metal contaminants in sediments of Miyun reservoir

The chemical forms, spatial distribution and sources of As, Hg, Cd, Pb and Zn in sediments of the Miyun reservoir were studied. The results of sequential extraction demonstrate that most of As, Pb and Zn were bound to the residual fraction, Hg was associated with the sulfide fraction while Cd was associated with the carbonate fraction and the residual fraction. On the vertical profiles the concentrations of the heavy metals in total and each fractions mostly decreased with increasing depths in sediments, suggesting that the heavy metals input from the upstream watershed increases yearly. Summation of the residual fraction, the sulfide fraction and the carbonate fraction accounts for 60.03%―85.60% of the total heavy metal contents in the sediments, which represent the geochemical background values of the elements and relate closely to soil erosion. Results of the main factor analysis show that most sediments of the reservoir come from the upstream soil erosion, the point source pollution and domestic waste. Moreover, the microbial activities taking place on the sediment-water interface are also one of the major factors to cause the increasing content of the organic matter fraction and the iron-manganese oxide fraction. Environmental change of the reservoir water could make the removability of the heavy metals increase, leading to the increase of their concentrations in pore water in sediments, and imperiling water quality of the reservoir.     

区域成矿流体的形成与演化

成矿流体是富含挥发份、碱金属的含矿卤水 ,其中碱金属来源于岩浆热液、变质热液、海水及通过水岩作用从岩石中萃取等 ;而挥发份来源于地幔、水岩作用与有机质分解作用。成矿流体中的硫也是多来源的 ,硫的活度与氧逸度有关 ,高温还原环境H2 S的活度降低 ;成矿流体的同位素分馏与水岩作用强度有关 ,控制同位素分馏的基本因素是温度及水岩比值。根据成矿流体的成分及物理化学性质 ,可以分类为高温硅钾卤水、中温碳酸盐卤水及低温硫酸盐型卤水。成矿流体没有固定的来源 ,在一定地质条件下 ,任何来源的热水流体都可以形成成矿流体。控制成矿流体形成的主要地质作用是岩浆作用、变质作用、地热增温作用及构造作用等。文中根据地质作用类型对区域地质流体进行划分 ,可分为岩浆作用区域成矿流体 (以高温硅钾卤水为主 ,可以有高温到中低温的流体分带 ) ,沉积作用区域成矿流体 (以中低温碳酸盐及硫酸盐型卤水为特征 ) ,大洋盆地区域成矿流体 (与岩浆岩区域成矿流体类似 ,有高温到低温的流体分带 )和变质作用区域成矿流体 (变质程度不同而有不同的流体类型混合 )。     

内蒙古呼盟地区甲乌拉银铅锌矿床流体包裹体与成矿的关系

通过对甲乌拉银铅锌矿床矿物中流体包裹体成分的含量、温度、压力测定,简述了包裹体特征与成矿的关系     

电子探针Th-U-Pb微区测年方法及其在铀矿地质研究中的应用前景

电子探针Th-U-Pb微区测年方法是新近发展起来的一项测年技术.该技术以放射性核素的衰变理论为基础,在一定条件下通过电子探针测量矿物中的Th、U、Pb含量,经过数据处理,最终计算出矿物的年龄.由于该项技术具有省时、费用低、不破坏样品等优点,现已广泛地应用于独居石、锆石的年龄研究中.在晶质铀矿年龄研究中的应用仅有零星报道,但由于该技术的高空间分辨率,将对不同产出状态的微小晶质铀矿颗粒的定年研究大有裨益.     

RESEARCH ON AUTOMATIC FOG IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING

There is an urgent need for the development of a method that can undertake rapid, effective, and accurate monitoring and identification of fog by satellite remote sensing, since heavy fog can cause enormous disasters to China’s national economy and people's lives and property in the urban and coastal areas. In this paper, the correlative relationship between the reflectivity of land surface and clouds in different time phases is found, based on the analysis of the radiative and satellite-based spectral characteristics of fog. Through calculation and analyses of the relative variability of the reflectivity in the images, the threshold to identify quasi-fog areas is generated automatically. Furthermore, using the technique of quick image run-length encoding, and in combination with such practical methods as analyzing texture and shape fractures, smoothness, and template characteristics, the automatic identification of fog and fog-cloud separation using meteorological satellite remote sensing images are studied, with good results in application.     

端头扩大型土锚的新发展 ——船锚式注浆张开型土锚

作为提高锚固性能的一种有效手段，端头扩大型土锚被广泛应用于实际工程。介绍了端头扩大型锚杆的各种扩孔方法，重点阐述一种新型的船锚式注浆张开型土锚。带有锚抓的新型土锚，不需要专门的扩孔机械，在注浆作用下能连续完成端头扩张与灌浆，具有施工方便、锚固面大、效果好等优点。通过对土锚进行张开试验，证明了在上海等软土地区通过灌浆压力使锚抓张开并形成扩大头是能够实现的。     

ANFIS在土地利用变化模拟中的应用

土地利用变化在空间维和时间维上是一个渐进的、不确定的复杂过程,而模糊理论正是解决不确定性现象的一种合适的方法,所以尝试运用模糊推理理论对土地利用变化进行深入的探讨.以江苏省南通市崇川区为研究区,建立了基于自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)的土地利用变化模糊推理模型.通过利用ANFIS训练获得模型的隶属函数及参数.并运用该模型对研究区进行土地利用变化的模拟和预测.研究结果表明,通过利用ANFIS建立的模型,基本上可以模拟研究区复杂而不确定的土地利用变化过程,同时ANFIS可以有效地简化模糊推理模型结构,使得模型更具灵活性.因此,为土地利用变化模拟提供了另一种可行的解决思路.     

Classification of densities and characteristics of curve of population centers in China by GIS

In this paper, with the spatial analysis functions in ArcGIS and the county-level census data of 2000 in China, the population density map was divided and shown by classes, meanwhile, the map system of population distribution and a curve of population centers were formed; in accordance with the geographical proximity principle, the classes of population densities were reclassified and a population density map was obtained which had the spatial clustering characteristic. The multi-layer superposition based on the population density classification shows that the population densities become denser from the Northwest to the Southeast; the multi-layer clustering phenomenon of the Chinese population distribution is obvious, the populations have a water-based characteristic gathering towards the rivers and coastlines. The curve of population centers shows the population densities transit from the high density region to the low one on the whole, while in low-density areas there are relatively dense areas, and in high-density areas there are relatively sparse areas. The reclassification research on the population density map based on the curve of population centers shows that the Chinese population densities can be divided into 9 classes, hereby, the geographical distribution of Chinese population can be divided into 9 type regions: the concentration core zone, high concentration zone, moderate concentration zone, low concentration zone, general transitional zone, relatively sparse area, absolute sparse area, extreme sparse area, and basic no-man's land. More than 3/4 of the population of China is concentrated in less than 1/5 of the land area, and more than half of the land area is inhabited by less than 2% of the population, the result reveals a better space law of China’s population distribution.