人均居民生活碳排放评价及影响机制分析——基于中国省会城市视角（英文）

Household CO_2 emissions were increasing due to rapid economic growth and different household lifestyle. We assessed per capita household CO_2 emissions(PHCEs) based on different household consuming demands(including clothing, food, residence, transportation and service) by using provincial capital city level survey data in China. The results showed that:(1) there was a declining trend moving from eastward to westward as well as moving from northward to southward in the distribution of PHCEs.(2) PHCEs from residence demand were the largest which accounted for 44% of the total.(3) Correlation analysis and spatial analysis(Spatial Lag Model(SLM) and Spatial Error Model(SEM)) were used to evaluate the complex determinants of PHCEs. Per capita income(PI) and household size(HS) were analyzed as the key influencing factors. We concluded that PHCEs would increase by 0.2951% and decrease by 0.5114% for every 1% increase in PI and HS, respectively. According to the results, policy-makers should consider household consuming demand, income disparity and household size on the variations of PHCEs. The urgency was to improve technology and change household consuming lifestyle to reduce PHCEs.     

《京都议定书》缔约国履约相关状况及其驱动因素初步分析

基于《联合国气候变化框架公约》和国际能源署的相关数据,评估了《京都议定书》缔约国温室气体减排方面的进展情况。研究发现,受金融危机等经济活动的影响,2008年~2011年期间各国温室气体排放量呈现动态变化的趋势。从国别排放看,伞形国家的碳排放量自1990年始,总体上呈增加的趋势,实现减排目标基本无望;欧盟国家整体完成了8%的减排目标,但各个国家完成情况不尽相同;经济转型国家减排幅度最大。通过能源利用强度和碳排放强度两个指标分析减排力度较大国家的排放轨迹,发现欧盟国家主要通过能源结构的调整(表现为煤炭比重下降和天然气比重上升)和外贸转移排放实现排放强度的降低,而经济转型国家的排放变化主要缘于其经济社会结构的变化。总体来看,缔约国的能源消费结构和利用方式基本稳定,能源利用强度与碳排放强度降低趋缓,在现有能源消费结构下减排潜力有限。     

家庭碳排放计算方法分析评价

碳排放定量评价是碳减排政策制定的依据。家庭作为产品和服务消费的主体, 其能源需求及碳排放问题正日益引起国际社会和科学界的关注与研究。本文在界定家庭碳排放及其构成等相关概念的基础上, 梳理了国际上家庭碳排放的主要计算方法, 对比分析了各种主要计算方法的优缺点, 并构建了符合中国家庭碳排放构成及特点的评价指标体系及计算方法, 这对家庭碳排放的相关研究具有重要的现实意义。