CT技术用于激光等离子体成象研究

本文研究适用于ＩＣＦ实验的ＣＴ技术，并已用于“星光Ⅱ”装置的激光等离子体的实验Ｘ光测量，重建出Ｘ光的三维分布，获得了有意义的结果，表明该技术在ＩＣＦ实验中的应用的可能性。     

藏南特提斯喜马拉雅带中段二叠纪-白垩纪的火山活动(Ⅰ):分布特点及其意义

在野外实地考察和追索的基础上，详细厘定了特提斯喜马拉雅带中段晚古生代以来火山岩的分布特点和迁移规律。结果表明，在特提斯喜马拉雅带中段晚古生代以来的地层系统中，从二叠纪→三叠纪→侏罗纪→白垩纪，共有11个层位含规模不等的火山岩，它们以透镜体、薄夹层或以块状玄武岩、玄武质安山岩等形式产出于不同地层系统中；从二叠纪→早中三叠世→晚三叠世→侏罗纪和白垩纪，具有由西向东、从南→北→南→北的迁移规律。这些火山活动的发现和厘定，对填补特提斯喜马拉雅带火山岩研究的空白，了解陆下岩石圈地幔和软流圈地幔之间的相互作用和新特提斯洋盆的形成演化都具有一定的指示意义。     

Reservoir architecture and fracture characterization of low-permeability sandstone reservoir: a case study of Biandong oilfield,Jinhu depression,northern Jiangsu Basin,China

Fracture is one of the most important factors through the whole process of low-permeability reservoir development. Biandong oilfield is a typical low-permeability fractured sandstone reservoir, and has stepped into high water cut stage; thus, the waterflooding effect is poor. Therefore, many contradictions such as high moisture content, decreasing production speed, and low recovery efficiency are becoming increasingly prominent, which have seriously hindered the sustainable development, and need to be solved urgently. However, few such studies on reservoir characterization in low-permeability fractured sandstone reservoir have been conducted in China. In this study, through comprehensive analysis on reservoir characterization and sedimentary environment, significant results are achieved. Three types of fracture occurrence are identified; they are high-angle fracture, low-angle fracture, and horizontal fracture, respectively. Two types of reservoir pore (primary porosity and secondary porosity) are recognized based on thin-section observation and analysis. The diagenetic stage of Biandong oilfield are divided into three stages, early A, early B, and late A, respectively. Finally, a regional discrete fracture network model is established with Fisher’s algorithm based on three-dimensional geological model. All the research results presented above can make a significant instructing function for making reservoir development plan and improving recovery efficiency.     

地物化综合找矿方法在新疆阿尔泰卡鲁安锂辉石矿床中的应用

卡鲁安锂辉石矿床位于新疆阿尔泰哈龙-青河稀有金属矿带、柯鲁木特-吉得克伟晶岩矿集区,赋存于中-上志留统库鲁木提群(红柱石、矽线石、堇青石、十字石)黑云母石英片岩中,以650号、807号、806号矿体规模最大,矿体主要有用组分为锂,锂资源量已达大型规模。在矿区内测制的5条土壤(植物)地球化学剖面表明,Li-Nb-Ta-Bi-Cs-Hf异常与伟晶岩脉的套合性好,植物化探显示的局部异常优于土壤化探。矿区岩矿石之间存在较明显的电阻率差异,矿体表现的异常特征是中高电阻率、高极化率,是本次音频大地电磁测深(AMT)工作的物性前提。施工的4条AMT剖面表明,AMT测量对卡鲁安矿区构造、伟晶岩脉的延伸、深部盲脉或覆盖区伟晶岩脉的预测有一定的指示作用,尤其是对已有矿体深部成矿预测效果较好。采用地球化学测量和遥感蚀变信息圈定异常区,通过地质填图、路线调查寻找矿体(脉),物化探剖面测量定位或寻找矿脉、电阻率法预测延深、槽探揭露圈定矿(脉)体和深部工程验证估算资源量等伟晶岩型锂、稀有金属矿综合勘查技术方法体系是新疆稀有金属找矿勘查工作的有效手段,在卡鲁安地区锂找矿工作中应用效果显著,不仅为进一步找矿突破提供技术支持,也对类似矿床的找矿工作具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Molecular phylogeny of the genus Clibanarius(Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences

Clibanarius , a genus of hermit crabs, is one of the most diverse genera within Diogenidae. However, studies on the phylogeny within Clibanarius is very limited. We reconstruct the molecular phylogeny of the genus Clibanarius based on two mitochondrial (16S rRNA and COI) and two nuclear protein-coding (NaK and PEPCK) genes using a multigene phylogenetic approach. Eleven selected Clibanarius species from the Indo-West Pacifi c are analyzed and the Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses produced identical results in topology. Results suggest that C . rutilus and C . infraspinatus are more closely related to each other than to C . snelliusi , and C . striolatus shows a close relationship to C . longitarsus . The close association of C . merguiensis with C . englaucus and C . humilis is strongly supported by the divergence of C . virescens from them. Our phylogenetic results contradict the morphological classifi cation scheme proposed for Clibanarius and indicate that the relative length of dactyls and propodi is not phylogenetically signifi cant in Clibanarius . In addition, we speculate that the morphological characteristic of the median cleft of the telson might be phylogenetically important for Clibanarius .     

高岭土容重,含水量,结构特性与声波速度及动力学参数相关性的实验研究

本文叙述了高岭土的物理力学特性与声波速度及动力学参数相关关系的室内实验研究,着重探讨了高岭土容重、含水量与纵波速度、横波速度及动弹性模量,动剪切模量之间的关系,并给出了它们的关系式。此外还分析了高岭土结构特性对声波速度及动力学参数的影响。     

Main genetic types of Ni ore deposits in China and their relations to paleo-plate tectonics

So far three main genetic types of nickel deposit have been recognized in China: magmatic copper-nickel sulfide deposits, nickel deposits occurring in the crust of weathering, and sedimentary nickel deposits. On the basis of the geotectonic settings of intrusive bodies, their genetic types, and the way sulfides are concentrated, the copper-nickel sulfide deposits fall into two broad categories: deposits emplaced along paleolandmass edges and those in the mobile zones on the outside of paleolandmasses. They can further be divided into six sub-categories and then a variety of types. The magmatic copper-nickel sulfide deposits constitute one of the most important genetic types in China. Geological evidence shows that the individual ferruginous ultrabasic bodies intruding along paleolandmass edges are most favourable for Ni-mineralization. In the light of the paleo-structural analysis, the author has proposed three mechanisms with respect to the formation of Ni-bearing ultrabasic bodies.     

西昌锦屏地区的旅游地质资源

作为一种新兴的旅游形式，地质旅游因以地质考察与旅游活动的有机结合而达到追求返璞归真与休闲猎奇的目的。本文重点介绍了西昌锦屏地区的几处自然景点和地质旅游路线。该地区的自然、地质景观极具开发潜力。     

Oxygen isotope compositions of quartz grains (4–16 μm) from Chinese eolian deposits and their implications for provenance

Oxygen isotope compositions were measured in quartz grains extracted from a 7.0 Ma red clay-loess sequence at Lingtai and six late Pleistocene loess sediments (Malan loess). Results show that the changes in oxygen isotope compositions of Malan loess are basically controlled by the geochemical characteristics of the source materials, while the effect of weathering process after dust deposition could be minor. The oxygen isotope distribution of quartz grains from red clay at Lingtai is similar to that of the overlying loess-paleosol sequence, thus indicating that the red clay at Lingtai has the same eolian origin as the loess-paleosol deposits. Furthermore, the oscillations of the isotope compositions in 4–16 μm-sized quartz grains may reflect the changes, to some extent, of the climatic systems of the source region.     

Climate extremes in Loess of China coupled with the strength of deep-water formation in the North Atlantic

The loess-paleosol sequences of the last 1.2 Ma in China have recorded two kinds of climate extremes: the strongly developed S4, S5-1 and S5-3 soils (corresponding to the marine δ¹⁸O stages 11, 13, and 15, respectively) as evidence of three episodes of great warmth and two coarse-grained loess units (L9 and L15, corresponding to the marine δ¹⁸O stages 22, 23, 24 and 38, respectively) which indicate severest glacial conditions. The climatic and geographical significance of these events are still unclear, and their cause remains a puzzle.Paleopedological, geochemical and magnetic susceptibility data from three loess sections (Xifeng, Changwu and Weinan) suggest that the S4, S5-1 and S5-3 soils were formed under sub-tropical semi-humid climates with a tentatively estimated mean annual temperature (MAT) of at least 4–6°C higher and a mean annual precipitation (MAP) of 200–300 mm higher than for the present-day, indicating a much strengthened summer monsoon. The annual rainfall was particularly accentuated for the southern-most part of the Loess Plateau, suggesting that the monsoon rain belt (the contact of the monsoonal northward warm-humid air mass with the dry-cold southward one) might have stood at the southern part of the Plateau for a relatively long period each year. The loess units L9 and L15 were deposited under semi-desertic environments with a tentatively estimated MAT and MAP of only about 1.5–3°C and 150–250 mm, indicating a much strengthened winter monsoon, and that the summer monsoon front could rarely penetrate into the Loess Plateau region.Correlation with marine carbon isotope records suggests that these climate extremes have large regional, even global, significance rather than being local phenomena in China. They match the periods with greatest/smallest Atlantic–Pacific δ¹³C gradients, respectively, indicating their relationships with the strength of Deep Water (NADW) production in the North Atlantic. These results suggest that the monsoon climate in the Loess Plateau region was significantly linked with the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation on timescales of 10⁴ years.