岩石受力状态对弹性波传播速度的影响初探

岩石所受的三向应力状态对其弹性波传播性质有一定的影响，此认识为所做的以泥质砂岩、泥岩和硅质胶结的坚硬砂岩为试样的实验所证实。实验结果表明，泥质砂岩和泥岩的ｖＰ／ｖＳ值几乎保持不变，硬质砂岩的ｖＰ／ｖＳ曲线却在应力达破坏荷载的９０％左右出现下凹现象。经热处理后的硬质砂岩这一下凹现象则更突出     

Effects of vegetation restoration on soil physical properties of abandoned farmland on the Loess Plateau,China

To improve the ecological environment in China, the Chinese government implemented a country-wide ecological protection and reforestation project (namely the “Grain for Green Project”) in 1999 to return cultivated land with slopes of 25° or more to perennial vegetation. Vegetation restoration reduces soil erosion mainly by changing the soil physical properties. Different vegetation restoration methods might produce different impacts on soil physical properties. In this study, two vegetation restoration methods (i.e., natural restoration and artificial restoration) were compared on abandoned farmland in the typically hilly and gullied areas of the Loess Plateau of Northwest China. In the natural restoration method, the farmland was abandoned to natural vegetation succession without irrigation, fertilization or other artificial disturbances. In the artificial restoration method, the farmland was planted with black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and watered and cultivated for the first two years. Three soil physical properties (i.e., soil moisture, bulk density and aggregation) were investigated under the two vegetation restoration methods. The results showed that the soil moisture and soil bulk density were higher under artificial restoration than under natural restoration within the first three years of vegetation restoration. By the fourth year, the soil moisture and soil bulk density were higher under natural restoration than under artificial restoration. For the stability of soil aggregates?>?0.25 mm, the soil aggregates in the 0-20 cm soil layer were more stable under artificial restoration than under natural restoration, while the results were the opposite for the 40-60 cm soil layer. Overall, the soil physical properties were continuously improved during the restoration of vegetation on abandoned farmland. In choosing between vegetation restoration methods, natural restoration is preferable to artificial restoration, but artificial intervention is needed during the first three years.     

Regional hazard prediction of rock bursts using microseismic energy attenuation tomography in deep mining

Rock burst prediction is a worldwide challenge that we have long tried to overcome. This study tentatively proposed a method to regionally predict rock burst hazards using microseismic energy attenuation. To verify the feasibility of the proposal, first, the mechanism of microseismic energy propagation and attenuation in rock medium was explored, and dominant attenuation characteristics of microseismic waves were analyzed. Second, a spatial attenuation model of microseismic energy was established, and the average energy attenuation coefficient for each wave path was defined. A 3D seismic energy attenuation inversion algorithm was put forward, and the corresponding computation matrix was developed. Third, a continuous microseismic field investigation was carried out in a deep coal mine. Seismic energy attenuation coefficient was confirmed using the calibrated focus position and energy determination. Based on data discretization processing, energy attenuation inversion and tomography, potential rock burst hazard regions were strictly zoned in mining areas. Finally, regional prediction results obtained from the microseismic energy attenuation were compared with the direct measurement results obtained from the classical drilling dust method to verify the reliability of proposed approach. It turns out that rock burst hazard regions predicted by the microseismic energy attenuation agreed well with the objective hazardous situations. Seismic energy attenuation coefficient is a significant evaluation factor that directly mirrors the inelastic performance of rock medium. Energy attenuation coefficient threshold used for determining the rock burst hazard regions was 3.0 km^?1. Reliability of the seismic energy attenuation inversion and tomography was closely related to the spatial distribution of microseisms in a localized region. The optimum spatial density of microseisms was 0.2 m^?3. Regional rock burst prediction using microseismic energy attenuation is an effective approach for revealing potential hazardous regions in deep mining conditions. This approach improves the pertinence of geological hazard prevention and provides a beforehand reference for targeted hazard management.     

岩石受力状态对弹性波传播速度影响的初步研究

岩石所受的三向应力状态对其弹性波传播性质有一定的影响，此认识为所做的以泥质砂岩、泥岩和硅质胶结的坚硬砂岩为试样的实验所证实。为保证岩石中存在微隙，对部分试样还作了高温预热处理。实验结果表明，泥质砂岩和泥岩的Ｖ＿ｐ／Ｖ＿ｓ值几乎保持不变，但坚硬砂岩的Ｖ＿ｐ／Ｖ＿ｓ值曲线却在应力达破坏荷载的９０％左右时出现下凹现象，经热处理的硬砂岩的这一下凹现象则更突出。     

RADARSATSNBSAR数据在大面积水稻估产中的应用研究

由于雷达遥感的全天候、全天时的优势,使之成为南方大范围农业信息动态监测的最佳遥感手段。为了适宜于运行系统,本研究采用加拿大雷达卫星（RADARSAT）窄波扫描模式（SNB）数据,以广东省为例进行了大范围水稻估产。通过建立稻作图谱,解决了在地形复杂、农业集约化程度低、水稻田分布不规则,且地块间田间管理水平差异很大等诸多因素影响下的水稻信息提取问题;在野外观测站采集的水稻生长期生理生态数据的基础上,建立了基于RADARSAT SNB SAR的雷达遥感时序信息水稻估产模型。通过2000年早、晚两季水稻估产的实践证明,此模型估产的精度在平原区达到95％,而在复杂的丘岭谷地则需进一步提高图像预处理的精度,改进特殊地段估产模型的精度。从实用性而言,这是一套高效、经济的技术方法,易于投入实际运行阶段。     

从HRPT中分离TIP数据

介绍一种从ＨＲＰＴ中分离ＴＩＰ数据的方法,并给出设计思想,部分电路、时序及程序流程图。     

金川铜镍硫化物矿床F1断裂系统演化及其意义

金川铜镍硫化物矿区构造活动频繁且复杂,查明矿区构造规律,是实现深部找矿突破的必经途径之一.文章在充分挖掘区域及以往勘查资料的基础上,通过野外实地调查,对矿区内成矿后断裂系统——F1断裂系统分析研究,发现F1断层角砾岩呈棱角状,深部产状北倾,断层发育在龙首山岩群一侧,无法仅靠现今的叠置关系解释F1的演化.结合潮水盆地研究...     

黄土高原植被恢复潜力研究

黄土高原从1999年开始大规模退耕还林（草）,植被覆盖发生了较大变化,对黄土高原植被恢复现状和恢复潜力进行评估具有重要意义。本文使用1999-2013年SPOT VEG NDVI数据,采用线性回归、Hurst指数分析法、统计学方法以及地理空间分析技术,对黄土高原植被恢复状况和潜力进行了探讨。结论主要为：① 1999年退耕还林（草）以来,黄土高原植被覆盖度呈显著上升趋势,黄土高原三分之二地区的植被将会持续改善;② 植被响应曲线分析表明,黄土区植被覆盖度和干旱指数呈显著的指数关系,且缓坡相关性大于陡坡。土石山区植被响应函数为线性函数,相关系数下降;③ 整个黄土高原地区平均植被恢复潜力为69.75%。植被恢复潜力值东南高而西北低,黄土高原东南地区植被恢复状况较好,其植被恢复潜力指数较小,而植被恢复潜力指数较高的地区主要为北方风沙区及西部丘陵沟壑区;④ 不同降水量条件下,植被恢复速度差别显著,其中降水量在375~575 mm之间的地区,植被恢复最快。植被恢复措施应该“因水制宜”,避免因造林带来的土壤干化加剧。研究结果以期为黄土高原生态文明建设提供科学支撑。     

基桩反射波无损检测中的数字处理技术

针对桩基检测信号处理手段单一的问题,笔者通过对基桩无损检测的反射波时域波形分析,应用频谱分析、数字滤波、相关分析、三瞬计算等数字处理方法,配合进行基桩质量检测,提高了检测精度。      

北祁连西段寒山金矿控矿构造及富集规律

寒山金矿床产于北祁连西段加里东褶皱带北缘,区内矿产资源丰富,加强其控矿构造及矿化富集规律研究,对矿区勘查意义重大。通过野外调查及室内研究,发现矿区内赋矿地层为奥陶系阴沟群火山碎屑岩。矿区内褶皱构造及韧-脆性剪切带发育,联合控制了矿体的分布。韧-脆性剪切带发育在褶皱两翼,受层滑剪切系统控制。矿体产在背斜转折端及两翼韧-脆性剪切带内,呈楔形产出,向下迅速尖灭。研究认为,矿体主要富集在韧-脆性剪切带发育部位,矿体的富集程度与蚀变带规模正相关,靠近背斜转折端的位置为矿体富集地段,多阶段成矿作用同部位叠加构成富矿体。