2003年 8月 21-22日辐合气流暴雨天气过程总结

本文综合应用天气图、静止卫星云图、物理量诊断场,分析了 2003年 8月 21～ 22日黑龙江省大范围强降水过程.分析了乌拉尔山阻高、副热带高压和冷暖空气在暴雨天气过程中的作用.得出有预报指示意义的特征.并对日本传真图的降水预报能力进行了检验分析.在暴雨预报中也具有一定的预报意义.     

Influence of urban expansion on the urban heat island effect in Shanghai

The urban heat island (UHI) effect resulting from rapid urbanization is attracting increasing attention among the global scientific community. This research analyzed the relationship between urban expansion and the UHI effect utilizing an integrated approach, including urban land interpretation and retrieving land surface temperature based on remote sensing, and spatial overlay analysis for revealing the relationship for different time periods between 1984 and 2014 in Shanghai, China. The results show that (1) the spatiotemporal changes in UHI are consistent with the expansion of urban land, and rapid urban expansion leads to an expansion of the UHI, in particular along roadways. (2) The mode of urban expansion is an important factor influencing the UHI effect. Urban sprawl (urban expansion in the edge-expansion way) is a form of typical expansion that leads to the rapid increase in the UHI. When the urban compactness ratio is less than 0.15, a compact design can effectively control the expansion rate of the UHI and mitigate its range of influence and intensity. However, when the urban compactness ratio is greater than 0.15, the urban design has a marked influence on the UHI ratio index: a more compact form produces a stronger UHI effect. So, finding an equilibrium between urban compactness ratio and urban expansion rate is good for effective urban management and planning.     

温度、盐度对绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼存活及生长的影响

在工厂化条件下,通过控制养殖用水的不同温度、盐度,对绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼的存活及生长情况进行观测研究。结果表明:平均全长(42.66±5.23)mm的幼鱼存活的适宜温度为21～30℃,高于30℃时会引起大量死亡;体长和体质量生长的最适温度为21～24℃,高于24℃则生长速度减慢。幼鱼存活的适宜盐度为10～45,体长和体质量生长的最适盐度为25～35,超出此范围生长速度明显降低。     

天水-秦安一带中新世黄土堆积区沉积-地貌演化

前人的构造地质学研究,将天水-秦安一带的中新世黄土分布区划归两个不同的构造单元.文章基于野外调查和已有年代地层学工作,结合前人成果,对该区新生代沉积-地貌演化历史进行研究,并划分为以下主要阶段:1)古近纪初南部秦岭山地的剥蚀,使本区在原有基岩准平原地形的基础上,形成以冲洪积平原为主的地形.古近纪末-新近纪初的构造活动使冲洪积平原解体,在秦安地区形成基岩台地与沉陷盆地相间、天水-西和地区形成拉分盆地与隆起山地交错的地貌景观,这些高地为中新世黄土堆积提供了地形基础.2)中新世从22Ma到11Ma,基岩台地和相对平缓的高地上堆积典型黄土-古土壤序列,盆地内则主要发育次生黄土等洼地沉积,表明研究区类似于今天的黄土高原.3)中新世晚期约11Ma起发生的一次侵蚀事件,使研究区的一些小盆地内发育河流相和间歇性浅湖相沉积,秦安一带的黄土堆积也遭到侵蚀,形成的洼地内发育黄土状土或洼地静水沉积,其中包含较多哺乳动物化石,而大范围的相对平坦高地上一直继续发育黄土-古土壤序列.这次侵蚀对本区内甘肃群的沉积多样性有重要贡献,但一直没有深水湖泊发育的条件.4)发生于3.5Ma以后的另一次重大侵蚀,奠定了该区今天狭窄长墚地形的基础,是第四纪黄土堆积在本区保存较差的主要原因.     

基于RBF神经网络的地震与爆破识别技术

利用天然地震震源和人工爆破震源之间信号能量分布的差异,结合RBF神经网络技术,对2类事件进行分类,具体步骤如下:使用8个带通滤波器对事件波形进行滤波,并划分为4个波形段:P波、P波尾波、S波和S波尾波,分别计算每个滤波器信道和波形段的能量特征值,以所得32个特征参数作为输入向量,利用RBF神经网络,对地震和爆破事件进行分类识别。结果表明,基于RBF神经网络的地震事件识别方法,识别率为88.1%,具有较高的准确性,可作为地震与爆破事件识别的一个重要依据。     

Effects of Pseudoalteromonas sp. BC228 on digestive enzyme activity and immune response of juvenile sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

A marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas sp. BC228 was supplemented to feed in a feeding experiment aiming to determine its ability of enhancing the digestive enzyme activity and immune response of juvenile Apostichopus japonicus. Sea cucumber individuals were fed with the diets containing 0(control), 105, 107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 for 45 days. Results showed that intestinal trypsin and lipase activities were significantly enhanced by 107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 in comparison with control(P 0.01). The phagocytic activity in the coelomocytes of sea cucumber fed the diet supplemented with 107 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 was significantly higher than that of those fed control diet(P 0.05). In addition, 105 and 107 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 significantly enhanced lysozyme and phenoloxidase activities in the coelomic fluid of sea cucumber, respectively, in comparison with other diets(P 0.01). Sea cucumbers, 10 each diet, were challenged with Vibrio splendidus NB13 after 45 days of feeding. It was found that the cumulative incidence and mortality of sea cucumber fed with BC228 containing diets were lower than those of animals fed control diet. Our findings evidenced that BC228 supplemented in diets improved the digestive enzyme activity of juvenile sea cucumber, stimulated its immune response and enhanced its resistance to the infection of V. splendidus.     

AHDEB油田白垩系油藏油气充注期次的流体包裹体证据

伊拉克AHDEB油田油藏成藏规律对油田后期开发具有重要意义, 与埋藏史相结合的流体包裹体研究是揭示油藏油气成藏期次和时间的有效手段.利用伊拉克AHDEB油田白垩系油藏储层样品对流体包裹体特征进行了分析, 并且通过流体包裹体的显微观察、荧光颜色、单一包裹体的红外光谱和均一温度测定, 结合地质背景对该油田的油充注期次进行了研究.研究表明, 油包裹体以发绿色和黄绿色荧光为主, 少数发浅黄色和黄褐色荧光.油包裹体的显微傅立叶红外光谱测定结果计算的CH_2a/CH_3a、X_inc、X_std可划分油的成熟度, 表明存在两种成熟度的油.最后, 根据均一温度测定结果, 结合埋藏史和热史, 认为该油田可能存在4期油充注成藏相关的流体活动: 第1成藏期发生在95.0~96.5Ma, 相当于晚白垩世早期; 第2成藏期为71.0~78.5Ma, 相当于晚白垩世晚期, 第1期和第2期烃源岩排烃规模小, 产生中-重质油, 后期遭受氧化而形成沥青; 第3成藏期发生在14.0~15.0Ma, 相当于中中新世, 处于生排烃高峰期, 为主要成藏期; 第4期发生在10.0Ma左右, 与第3期为多幕连续充注.      

Formation of an Interactive User-Oriented Forecasting System: Experience from Hydrological Application in Linyi, Eastern China

Having provided an overview of the ideas of developing user-oriented interactive forecast system (UIFS) emerging in recent years,the authors proposed an idealized framework of the new-generation meteorological system,which includes the initial user-end module for configuring the forecast target,the physical predictive and downscaling components,and an incessant assessing module in association with decision-making at the user-end.A case study was carried out with a focus on applying the TIGGE (THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble;THORPEX stands for The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment) precipitation forecasts for the hydrological users in Linyi,a region richest in rivers and reservoirs in eastern China.The preliminary results exhibited great potential of improvement in applications of weather forecasts by combining the user-end information.Although the TIGGE results provided by existing national/international operating models were independent from the user-end,the case study enlightened ways of establishing an iteratively self-improving UIFS involving user-orientation throughout the forecast process.     

Mesoscale Analysis of a Heavy Rainfall Event Along the Huaihe River Valley During 8-9 July 2007

During 8-9 July 2007,several successively developed rainstorms along the Meiyu front produced heavy rainfall in the Huaihe River Valley,which led to the most catastrophic flooding in this region since 1954.Through mesoscale analysis of both conventional and intensive observations from upper air and surface stations,automatic weather stations,Doppler radars,and the FY-2C satellite,the current study examines the developing style and environmental conditions of the mesoscale convective systems(MCSs)that led to the development of the rainstorms.Our analysis showed that this event went through three phases.The first phase of the heavy rainfall(Phase Ⅰ)was caused by a meso-α-scale wind shear in the lower troposphere during 0200-1700 BT(Beijing Time)8 July.Phase Ⅱ was characterized by a reduction in rain rate and the formation of a low-level vortex between 1700 BT 8 and 0200 BT 9 July.In Phase Ⅲ,the well-organized mature meso-α-scale low-level vortex brought about intensified rains during 0200-0800 BT 9 July.Satellite and raclar observations showed a backward development of MCSs(new convective cells were generated at the back of the system)in PhaseⅡ,a forward development in Phase Ⅲ,and a spiral organization of the convective lines in Phase Ⅱ.The heavy rainstorm systems were initiated continuously along a surface mesoscale dew-point front with a horizontal scale of～300 km(as part of the Meiyu front)in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River Valley near Fuyang City,Anhui Province and then gradually decayed in the middle and lower reaches.It is hypothesized that lifting by strong low-level convergence is sufficient to trigger convection in the high CAPE(convective available potential energy)environment.     

基于主客观比较视角的乡村人居环境建设适配性评价——以江汉平原公安县为例

乡村人居环境是农户日常生产生活据以展开的设施及条件,基于主客观比较视角的乡村人居环境适配性评价是践行“以人民为中心”的发展思想和统筹推进乡村振兴的客观要求。论文立足江汉平原公安县乡村抽样调查和访谈数据,以乡村生活空间可及性解析环境供给水平,以居民生活条件满意度解译农户需求意愿,以乡村人居环境适配性解构供需差异,据此提出乡村人居环境优化方向及路径。结果显示：2017年案例区乡村生活空间可及性聚集分布最大值为44.75%,隶属“中类”,以就业空间与休闲空间可及性最为薄弱;乡村居民生活条件满意度聚集分布最大值为0.467,隶属“中类”,其中农村自然环境与经济运行环境的满意度评价最低。主观需求与客观供给适配性在县域尺度和农户个体尺度均呈“中—中”类型适配模式,但在不同尺度的不同维度表现出差异性。研究结果可为案例地区及相似地域乡村人居环境建设与乡村振兴提供科学依据。