Interannual variability of latent and sensible heat fluxes in the South China Sea

The South China Sea (SCS) is significantly influenced by El Nio and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) through ENSO-driven atmospheric and oceanic changes.We analyzed measurements made from 1960 to 2004 to investigate the interannual variability of the latent and sensible heat fluxes over the SCS.Both the interannual variations of latent and sensible heat fluxes are closely related to ENSO events.The low-pass mean heat flux anomalies vary in a coherent manner with the low-pass mean Southern Oscillation Index ...     

Species composition and diversity of pelagic fishes based on a longline fishery catch in the North Pacific Ocean

Evaluation of spatial-temporal variability of species composition and diversity in oceanic ecosystems is not easy because it is usually difficult to obtain sufficient data quantifying such variability.In this study,we examined pelagic species diversity indicators,species richness,Shannon-Wiener index of diversity and Hurlbert's species evenness,for fish assemblages from two areas(north and south) in the North Pacific Ocean(2°±12°N,178°E±165°W) during May±July 2008.The assemblages were based on data collecte...     

Comparison of central pit craters on Mars,Mercury, Ganymede,and the Saturnian satellites

We report on the first results of a large‐scale comparison study of central pit craters throughout the solar system, focused on Mars, Mercury, Ganymede, Rhea, Dione, and Tethys. We have identified 10 more central pit craters on Rhea, Dione, and Tethys than have previously been reported. We see a general trend that the median ratio of the pit to crater diameter (D_p/D_c) decreases with increasing gravity and decreasing volatile content of the crust. Floor pits are more common on volatile‐rich bodies while summit pits become more common as crustal volatile content decreases. Uplifted bedrock from below the crater floor occurs in the central peak upon which summit pits are found and in rims around floor pits, which may or may not break the surface. Peaks on which summit pits are found on Mars and Mercury share similar characteristics to those of nonpitted central peaks, indicating that some normal central peaks undergo an additional process to create summit pits. Martian floor pits do not appear to be the result of a central peak collapse as the median ratio of the peak to crater diameter (D_pk/D_c) is about twice as high for central peaks/summit pits than D_p/D_c values for floor pits. Median D_pk/D_c is twice as high for Mars as for Mercury, reflecting differing crustal strength between the two bodies. Results indicate that a complicated interplay of crustal volatiles, target strength, surface gravity, and impactor energy along with both uplift and collapse are involved in central pit formation. Multiple formation models may be required to explain the range of central pits seen throughout the solar system.     

东绒布冰芯净积累量与印度夏季风降水的关系

珠穆朗玛峰东侧东绒布冰川积累区的降水主要是由印度夏季风环流带来的.根据东绒布冰芯记录恢复的净积累量与印度中北部和印度半岛东部地区的夏季风降水量具有基本一致的周期, 三者有着较好的相关性, 因此可以通过冰芯净积累量来反映更长时间序列印度某些地区夏季风降水量的变化趋势.东绒布冰芯净积累量的相对变化幅度大于印度夏季风降水量的变化, 表明高海拔地区的降水比低海拔地区具有更高的敏感性.