大兴安岭北段争光金矿英安斑岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素组成

争光金矿位于大兴安岭北段多宝山矿集区内,矿区内火成岩的成岩时代、岩石成因及成岩背景研究薄弱。因此,本文对矿区内英安斑岩进行了主微量元素、锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成的系统研究,以期为探讨同时代火成岩的成因及矿床成矿背景提供帮助。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年结果表明,争光金矿英安斑岩形成于早奥陶世(478~481Ma)。岩石地球化学特征显示,英安斑岩属准铝-过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,具有SiO_2≥56%(平均为63.91%)、高铝(Al_2O_3平均14.85%)、低镁(MgO平均2.70%)、低Y和Yb(Y=6.00×10~(-6)~7.74×10~(-6),Yb=0.70×10~(-6)~0.92×10~(-6))、高锶(平均368×10~(-6))、高Mg#(56.84~60.60)、轻重稀土分馏明显[(La/Yb)N=8.74~11.54]和Eu异常不明显的特点,类似于俯冲洋壳成因埃达克岩。锆石εHf(t)介于13.03~13.31之间,两阶段模式年龄(tDM2)为605~624Ma。综合岩石地球化学特征和锆石Hf同位素组成,我们认为争光英安斑岩由俯冲的新生洋壳发生部分熔融形成。本文研究结果也表明,早奥陶世,兴安地块和松嫩地块之间存在洋壳,并且该洋壳向兴安地块俯冲。     

内蒙古白乃庙铜-金-钼矿床成矿机制——来自流体包裹体和He-Ar同位素的证据

白乃庙铜-金-钼矿是华北板块北缘中段一个重要矿床,其矿化特征既显示斑岩型蚀变特征,同时又表现出明显的后期造山作用改造的特点。本次研究通过系统的流体包裹体显微测温、激光拉曼和气液相色谱分析揭示其成矿流体为中—低温、中低盐度的CO_2(CO)-H_2O-CH_4(C_2H_2+C_2H_4)-NaCl-CaCl_2体系,流体混合作用和CO_2逃逸为成矿主要因素。富还原性流体的存在可能促使气相流体携带大量的Cu、Au等成矿元素迁移至较远点的白乃庙群地层,沿着片理或裂隙沉淀成矿。对不同成矿阶段矿石中黄铁矿的He-Ar同位素组成测试结果显示白乃庙矿床黄铁矿流体包裹体的~3He/~4He比值在0.06~0.71Ra之间,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar比值为375.5~1436.3,指示成矿体系由不同性质和组成的两个端元流体混合而成,即混入了类似于MORB型地幔端元的高温高盐度流体和富含地壳放射成因氦但具有空气氩同位素组成特征的低温大气降水。白乃庙矿床属受后期造山作用改造的斑岩型铜-金-钼矿床,形成于古亚洲洋板块持续向南俯冲背景。     

内蒙古莲花山铜银矿斜长花岗斑岩LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年、Hf同位素研究及其地质意义

内蒙古莲花山铜银矿是大兴安岭南段成矿带上的一个重要矿床,成矿与斜长花岗斑岩密切相关。对矿区内斜长花岗斑岩体进行LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,其形成年龄为(236.8±0.77)Ma(MSWD=0.85)和(237.9±0.71)Ma(MSWD=1.02),为中三叠世岩浆活动产物,而不是前人认为的中侏罗世。莲花山斜长花岗斑岩的εHf(t)=+5.6-+11.5,具有较高的176Hf/177Hf比值(0.282 762-0.282 954)和年轻的二阶段Hf同位素模式年龄(477-810 Ma),综合研究表明其主要源自从亏损地幔中新增生的年轻地壳物质的部分熔融,也暗示兴安地块新元古代—早古生代曾发生一次重要的地壳增生事件。对兴蒙造山带及邻区近1 100个岩浆岩中锆石Hf同位素数据整理研究后发现,兴安地块、松嫩地块和佳木斯地块属性相似,其与额尔古纳地块和华北板块北缘各自具有不同的地壳增生历史,揭示它们具有不同的早期地壳演化过程。     

Talc-beating serpentinized peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc： implications for aseismic character within subduction zones

The serpentinized peridotites overlying the subducted zones in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) arc system have been interpret as the cause of the low-velocity layer identified beneath the IBM froearc, in turn few earthquakes occurred along the plate boundary. Chrysotile, which is a low temperature and highly hydrated phase of serpentine with low frictional strength, has been suggested as the low velocity material in the serpentinized peridotites, besides, brucite is inferred to be likely conducive to stable sliding. However, such idea encounters challenging in our serpentinized peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc, which absent both the above minerals. The presence of talc, which characterized by its weak, low-friction and inherently stable sliding behavior, provides new clue. Here we report the occurrence of talc in serpentinized peridotites collected from the landward trench slope of the southern Mariana forearc. We infer that talc is mainly forming as a result of the reaction of serpentine minerals with silica-saturated fluids released from the subducting slab, and talc also occurs as talc veins sometimes. Due to its unique physical properties, talc may therefore play a significant role in aseismic slip in the IBM subduction zone.

     

微机制图在土地详查中的应用

新疆土地详查历经八年，至今未完。为降低劳动强度，提高工作效率，针对叶城县山区土地利用类型多样，耕地分散等特点，进行了微机制图的探讨。本文着重介绍了（1）微机制图的软硬件工作环境；（2）图形编辑和编码技巧；（3）图形量化方法，建立图形库；（4）属性数据输入、更新、修改；（5）错误信息检查，建立点线面的相互关系；（6）面积计算与机助制图。     

Catchability coefficients for coastal fishes caught in 366-meter and 732-meter long trammel nets struck with noise and rotenone

Catchability coefficients (q) of 366-m and 732-m trammel nets set along the shore in a rectangular shape were determined for selected fish species, utilizing noise and sublethal rotenone strike methods. Catachbility coefficients ranged from 0 to 1 for both trammel nets; 65% and 75% of the values for the 366-m and 732-m nets, respectively, were less than 0.1. Only the perpendicular strike method may have affected the catch efficiency of the nets, but the effect was not consistent among all species. Catchability coefficients were slightly higher when fish too small to be caught in the net were removed from the calculations. Despite the wide range of catchability coefficients among species, trammel nets struck with noise can be used to detect gross changes in abundance (standing stock) of many estuarine fishes. Increases in trammel net efficiency may be obtained by improvement in striking techniques or changes in net design, such as use of less visible monofilament webbing.     

南疆斯如依迭尔铜多金属矿床的地质特征及其成矿时代

近些年发现的斯如依迭尔铜多金属矿床有望改变南疆无大—中型铜矿的局面,对其研究意义显著。该矿床已圈定铜多金属矿体32条及众多矿化蚀变点,成矿前景乐观。矿床由南、北两矿段组成。北矿段主体由13个隐爆角砾岩体组成,隐爆角砾岩体内发育黄铜矿化;南矿段在花岗斑岩与围岩的接触带发育脉状黄铜矿化,岩体内部发育细脉状和浸染状黄铜矿化。上述地质特征表明,斯如依迭尔矿床为与花岗斑岩有关的斑岩型铜多金属矿床。对斯如依迭尔矿床成矿期的热液白云母进行40 Ar/39 Ar同位素测年,获得的坪年龄为13.68±0.17 Ma,表明矿床形成于中新世。结合前人的区域地质背景和构造演化研究结果,笔者认为斯如依迭尔铜多金属矿床的成矿地质背景与冈底斯中新世斑岩型铜金矿床的相同,均为印度板块同欧亚板块碰撞后的伸展环境。     

大洋橄榄岩的蛇纹岩石化研究进展评述

橄榄岩的蛇纹石化是大洋中不可忽略的重要地质过程,近年来引起广泛关注。大洋橄榄岩的蛇纹石化主要发生在洋中脊和汇聚板块边缘等环境中,大洋蛇纹岩典型的矿物组合包括:蛇纹石±磁铁矿±滑石±水镁石±角闪石。其中蛇纹石根据其矿物的晶体结构特征可分为利蛇纹石、纤蛇纹石和叶蛇纹石3种类型;偏光显微镜下可将蛇纹石结构划分为3类:假晶结构、非假晶结构和过渡结构。橄榄岩的蛇纹石化不仅会改变岩石的物理性质,如导致岩石密度的减小和地震波速的降低、影响橄榄岩的磁性等,而且也会对橄榄岩的流变性产生重要影响。大洋超基性岩系热液系统的发现,进一步激发了研究者们对大洋橄榄岩蛇纹石化研究的兴趣。与橄榄岩蛇纹石化相关的喷口流体含有较高的H2和CH4含量,此外,蛇纹石化是一个放热反应,可以驱动热液循环,导致Lost City等中低温型热液系统的出现。     

叶城县农业地貌类型评价

在对叶城县地貌类型、基本特征及其对农、林、牧业生产的直接和直接影响进行了综述后，探讨了不同地貌条件下，自然资源和合理利用和农业灾害的防治对策。