一种评价重金属污染对大型海藻毒性效应的新方法

提出一种监测污染物对大型海藻毒性效应的新方法。该方法仅需将在有害环境中生长或２的大型海藻置于一封闭的、经０．４５μｍ膜过滤的海水体系中,在一定条件下培养１ｈ（设白、黑二瓶）,之后测定白、黑二瓶ＰＨ值并设计其差值△ＰＨ,再同样测定对照组白、黑二瓶ＰＨ差值△ＰＨ,计算△ＰＨ／△ＰＨ,则此计算值可用来代表相对光合作用速率,并用于评价毒性效应大小,另外,还较详昼地论证了该方法的水化学依据。     

Intraspecific crossings ofUndaria pinnatifida (Harv.) Sur.—A possible time-saving way of strain selection

Unicellular gametophytes ofUndaria pinnatifida (Harv.) Sur. were isolated in Qingdao, P. R. China in April 1993 and in Tokushima, southern Japan in March 1995. Different intraspecific crossings by using unicellular male and female gametophytes were successfully undertaken in Sept. of 1995 in Qingdao. Sporophytes were transplanted to two different locations for open sea cultivation. One was at Zhanqiao (ZQ) Bay where the water current was slower than that of another location—Taipingjiao(TPJ). A total of 218 adult sporophytes were harvested on January 12 and 18 from TPJ and ZQ respectively. For eacn combination, 10 sporophytes were cultivated. Analysis of the morphological characteristics of adult sporophytes indicated that the longest length between two bases of the serration of pinnate blades (W2) is a morphological characteristic that can be transferred from the parent plant to the next generations regardless of environmental variations. There was evidence that W2 was apparently determined by sex-linked factors, i.e., by male parental gametophyte. Sporophytes from certain crossing combinations showed more vigorous growth than those from other crossing combinations. It is therefore possible to select gametophyte strains which can be used as parental gametophytes for the seedling production of sporophytes with more vigorous growth within shorter cultivation period. The morphology of hybrids from a Qingdao strain and a Tokushima cultivated strain resembled that of both parental plants in frond features (wrinkled or smooth) and W2. Sporophyll formation also varied with strains. The fact that adult sporophytes resulting from the same crossing combinations have identical morphological characteristics under the same environmental conditions indicates the possibility of a new way to select strains which are expected to be ideal for commerical production by purposely selecting, propagating, and seeding unicellular gametophytes for sporeling production through freeliving techniques of gametophytes. Project 39400102 supported by NSFC, also supported by National Climbing Plan B (PD-B642); and Bioengineering Center, SSTC.     

Identification and sequence of a cDNA clone corresponding to a gene involved in development ofUndaria pinnatifida

During the induction of gamete-producing gametangia, induced gametophytes were collected at 4 days intervals (0,4,8,12 d) and total RNAs were isolated by CsCl gradient ultracentrifugation. Some stage-specific expressed mRNAs were identified by differential display of mRNAs from different developing stages of the gametophytes. The cDNA of one specific mRNA was verified, cloned and sequenced. This gene was specifically expressed during 4 days of induction, and had partial homologous sequence with tobacco IAA-binding protein gene. It suggests that this cDNA may represent a gene which is related to the IAA regulating function during the development of the gametophytes.

     

贵州铝业开发形势及加强铝土矿地质勘查的建议

在分析省内外、国内外铝工业及其资源的供需形势的基础上,结合我国及贵州铝资源开发、勘查现状,指出企业资源储量不明、不足等问题,提出了加强地质科研、地质勘查及规划等建议。     

裙带菜配子体对三种重金属离子毒性耐受力的研究

裙带菜于１９９４年采自威海市俚岛养殖场。１９９５年２月－１９９７年３月,用不同浓度（０,１,１０,１００,１０００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的Ｃｕ＾２＋,Ｃｄ＾２＋和Ｚｎ＾２＋处理裙带菜配子体,研究这些重金属对其生长和代谢的影响。结果表明,Ｃｕ＾２＋对裙带菜配子体生长的抑制效应最强：在１μｍｏｌ＋Ｌ时已出现抑制效应,叶绿素含量和光合作用速率明显下降,脯氨酸和丙二醛含量升高;１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,配子体生长几乎停     

当前贵州省矿产资源储量勘查地质报告存在的主要问题及建议

就贵州省当前矿产资源储量勘查地质报告中出现的问题进行了梳理,指出了问题的所在,提出应引起注意和重视的问题及改进建议。     

Study on gametophyte vegetative growth ofUndaria pinnatifida and its applications

When cultured under certain environmental conditions (25°C, light intensity 80 μmol/m²·s, LD 12/12, in enriched seawater medium with 7×10⁻⁴ mol/L NO₃−N, 1.56×10⁻⁴ mol/L, PO₄−P and supplements of other elements like Mn, Fe, I, etc.), male and female gametophytes ofU. pinnatifida kept growing vegetatively and propagated fast at average daily fresh weight increase rate of about 20%. The empirical formulaG _m=G _o·3^m was established to estimate the output of vegetative gametophytes. Vigorous vegetative gametophyte cells began to form reproductive structures (oogonium and spermatangium, when the temperature was lower than 25°C and other environmental factors were kept optimal. The sufficient supply of gametophyte cells provided enough seeds for raisingUndaria sporelings on production scale. Controlled cross-breeding experiments using selected male and female gametophyte clones which increase their cell number by mitosis instead of meiosis were also carried out in vitro. Juvenile sporophytes from the cross-breeding had almost the same length and width increase rates as those of the control. The fact that vegetative gametophytes can be purposely selected, propagated quickly, cross-bred, with the resulting sporophytes having almost the same characteristics leads to a new way to select desiredUndaria strains for long time use without losing the desired economic characteristics. Contribution No. 2696 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

绿色杜氏藻被膜泡囊的超微结构研究

于１９９０年５月－１９９１年５月,运用透射电镜观察绿色杜氏藻,对该氏藻被膜泡囊的形态结构及其在细胞内的分布和形成过程进行研究。观察表明,绿色杜氏藻细胞的高尔基体和细胞膜有许多大小不等的被膜泡囊;这些被膜泡囊由泡囊及其表面的网状结构构成,其直径在４５－１２０ｎｍ之间;在细胞膜附近的被膜泡囊直径较大;在高尔基体和细胞膜上还观察到被膜泡囊的形成过程。     

Comparative studies of inorganic carbon utilization inEmiliania huxleyi and some non-calcifying marine microalgae

Inorganic carbon utilization in the non-calcifying marine microalgae,Nannochloropsis oculata, Phaeodactylum tricornutum andPorphyridium purpureum was compared with high- and low-calcifying strains ofEmiliania huxleyi grown in artificial seawater medium aerated with either air (0.03% V/V CO₂) or CO₂-free air. For high-calcifying strain ofE. oculata andP. tricornutem, similar growth patterns were observed in air-and CO₂-free air-grown cultures.P. purpureum showed a less final cell density in CO₂-free air than in air-grown culture. However, low-calcifying strain ofE. huxleyi was able to grow only in air-grown culture, but not in CO₂-free air-grown culture. Measurements of alkalinity, pH, concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and free CO₂ showed different patterns of DIC utilization. WithN. oculata, P. tricornutum andP. purpureum the pattern of DIC utilization was characterized by an increase of pH and a decrease of DIC but a constant alkalinity in the cultures aerated with air or CO₂-free air, suggesting that bicarbonate utilization was concomitant with an efflux of OH⁻. Both alkalinity and pH were maintained rather constant in air-grown culture of low-calcifying strain ofE. huxleyi, suggesting that diffusive entry of CO₂ could meet the requirement of DIC for its photosynthesis and growth. High-calcifying strain ofE. huxleyi, however, showed a pattern of decrease of alkalinity and DIC but an almost constant pH, indicating that bicarbonate was the major form of inorganic carbon utilised by this organism and bicarbonate uptake is unlikely to be accompanied by an efflux of OH⁻. The final pH values reached byN. oculata, P. tricornutum andP. purpureum in a closed system were 10.75, 10.60 and 9.85 respectively, showing that bicarbonate utilisation is concomitant with an efflux of OH⁻. While the final pH of 8.4 in high-calcifyingE. huxleyi suggests that bicarbonate utilization was not accompanied by an efflux of OH⁻. Contribution No. 3557 from the Institue of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This work was supported by NERC grant GRE3/7853 U. K. and partly supported by Bio-Engineering Center, SSTC 96-C01-05-01.     

INTRASPECIFIC CROSSINGS OF UNDARIA PINNATIFIDA (HARV.) SUR.-A POSSIBLE TIME-SAVING WAY OF STRAIN SELECTION

ImODUcrONUndariaPinnatofdapearv.)Sur.inJapanisdividedintoanorthemtypewithdeeplydividedpinnatebladesandasoutherntypewithlighhydividedpinnateblades(Saito,l972,0hno,l994).Butinrmtyears,themutualtIansplantationsbeweensouthandnorthtendedtornakethecIJltivatalsporophpebeudrirminrnorphology.InChina,UndariaisaIsodhadedintoanortherntypeandasoutherntypemeng,l936).Theques-tionofWhetherthemorphologicalcharaedthaofdtaphentypesaredetenninedbygeneticfactorsoraresbolyinflUenaxlbyenvbonmentalfactorsdrewt…