Effects of an artificial oyster shell reef on macrobenthic communities in Rongcheng Bay,East China

An artificial oyster shell reef was deployed in Rongcheng Bay, East China. However, the effects of this reef on the surrounding macrobenthic communities were unknown. We compared sedimentary factors, macrobenthic biomass, abundance, and community composition and ecological indicators between the reef and non-reef areas over a one year period. The mean values for chlorophyll a （Chl a）, total organic matter （TOM）, total organic carbon （TOC）, and total nitrogen （TN） content in surface sediments in the reef area were slightly higher than those in the non-reef area. The Chl a levels differed significantly between the two areas, but the TOM, TOC, and TN were not significantly different. The abundance of crustaceans was significantly different between the two areas, but the abundance and biomass ofpolychaetes, echinoderms, mollusk did not differ significantly. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance （PERMANOVA） revealed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly through time and analysis of similarity multivariate analyses （ANOSIM） revealed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly in some months. The ecological indicators revealed that the environmental quality of the reef area was slightly better than that of the non-reef area. Overall, our results suggest that the artificial oyster shell reef may change the macrobenthic community and the quality of the environment. Despite the lack of an effect in the short term, long-term monitoring is still needed to evaluate the effects of artificial oyster shell reefs on macrobenthic communities.     

Analysis of fatty acid composition of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus using multivariate statistics

Fatty acids （FAs） provide energy and also can be used to trace trophic relationships among organisms. Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus goes into a state of aestivation during warm summer months. We examined fatty acid profiles in aestivated and non-aestivated A. japonicus using multivariate analyses （PERMANOVA, MDS, ANOSIM, and SIMPER）. The results indicate that the fatty acid profiles of aestivated and non-aestivated sea cucumbers differed significantly. The FAs that were produced by bacteria and brown kelp contributed the most to the differences in the fatty acid composition of aestivated and non- aestivated sea cucumbers. Aestivated sea cucumbers may synthesize FAs from heterotrophic bacteria during early aestivation, and long chain FAs such as eicosapentaenoic （EPA） and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA） that produced from intestinal degradation, are digested during deep aestivation. Specific changes in the fatty acid composition of A. japonicus during aestivation needs more detailed study in the future.     

最大熵模型在海洋生物适生区预测中的应用

最大熵模型是以最大熵理论为基础的一种物种分布模型。经过十几年的发展,最大熵模型的计算方法不断迭代并趋于稳定,并在陆地生物适生区预测中开展了系统的、成熟的应用。而在海洋环境中,最大熵模型的应用也已经进入到了快速发展的阶段。但是受限于数据量的匮乏,最大熵模型在海洋环境中的应用仍旧需要不断的探索。最大熵模型具有小样本量预测的优势,其相关应用成果为单一物种、生物群落、生物多样性的保护,生物入侵事件的管控和预警,渔业养殖的减耗增效等提供了关键性的数据支撑,同时在海洋古生态学研究、海洋基因资源获取、海洋极端环境生物多样性保护等方面极具发展前景。     

The application of stereo-video technology for the assessment on population change of black rockfish Sebastes schlegeli in a vessel reef area in Haizhou Bay,China

The assessment of population structure and abundance of fish assemblages associated with artificial reefs(ARs) is an important aspect of AR management.In the present study,we used a DiveOperated Stereo Video(stereo-DOV) technique to assess the population structure and abundance of Sebastes schlegeli associated with two metallic,and three wooden,vessel reefs in Haizhou Bay during 2012 and2013.The study used video systems to obtain length measurements and estimates of abundance.The size composition of S.schlegeli differed among reefs and individuals around vessel reefs were all adults,with total lengths(TL) of 20 cm.Juvenile fish were encountered by divers in a rocky area near the island away from the vessel reefs.The largest individual S.schlegeli(with the highest TL) among five reefs were found around a metallic vessel reef in both 2012 and 2013.TL of S.schlegeli from all reefs increased by an average of 3.2 cm(P0.05) from 2012 to 2013,with an estimated mean weight increase of 250.4 g(P0.05).The video survey also indicated a decrease in the biomass of schools near two metallic vessels between the years.Stereo-video technology was found to be suitable for rockfish surveys around the reefs.     

青岛近海秋季大型底栖动物群落特征

利用2007年10月在青岛近海进行的大型底栖动物定量采集样品,采用大型多元统计分析软件PRIMER,研究了该海域大型底栖动物群落的物种组成、生物量和丰度分布、群落等级聚类分析(CLUSTER)以及群落受污染扰动情况。本次调查共获得青岛近海大型底栖动物160种,其中多毛类93种,甲壳动物37种,软体动物16种,棘皮动物7种,其它类群动物7种。群落中优势种的优势度均不明显,以多毛类巴氏钩毛虫(Sigambra bassi)和长须沙蚕(Nereis longior)贡献率最高。生物量和丰度空间分布没有明显的规律性,呈斑块状分布。群落结构聚类分析表明,15个取样站的群落结构相似性程度都非常低,为10%~30%,仅有S2和S4站、S11和S12站Bray-Curtis相似性系数达到30%。ABC曲线表明,该研究海域处于1个轻度人为扰动的状态。     

青岛近海春季大型底栖动物群落特征

分析2007年4月在青岛近海进行的大型底栖动物定量采集样品资料,研究了该海域大型底栖动物群落的优势种组成和物种多样性、生物量、丰度和群落等级聚类分析(CLUSTER)以及群落受污染扰动情况。本次调查中共获得青岛近海大型底栖动物89种,其中多毛类41种,甲壳动物32种,软体动物5种,棘皮动物6种,其它类群动物5种。群落中优势种以日本美人虾(Callianassa japonica)和日本倍棘蛇尾(Amphioplus japonicus)贡献率较高。平均生物量和丰度空间分布高值区均出现在近岸海域。群落结构聚类分析表明,15个取样站的群落结构相似性程度都非常低,为10%~30%,仅有S10站和S13站、S3站和S9站Bray-Curtis相似性系数达到40%。ABC曲线表明,S6,S7,S12,S13站的底栖动物群落已受到中度扰动,其它各站ABC曲线状态正常,表明底栖动物群落基本未受干扰,处于较稳定状态。     

南黄海夏季大型底栖动物分布现状

2006年夏季(7-8月)在南黄海进行的调查中,共鉴定出192种大型底栖动物,其中多毛类环节动物122种、甲壳动物22种、软体动物33种、棘皮动物8种、其它门类7种,优势种主要为小头虫科(Capitellidae)、掌鳃索沙蚕(Ninopalmate)、圆楔樱蛤(Cadella narutoensis)、日本鼓虾(Alpheus japonicus)、紫蛇尾(Ophiophplis mirabilis)、安岛反体星虫(Phascolosoma onomichianum)等20多种.大型底栖动物的平均栖息密度为102 ind.·m-2,其中多毛类为57 ind.·m-2、甲壳动物为12 ind.·m-2、软体动物为24 ind.·m-2、棘皮动物为6 ind.·m-2;大型底栖动物的平均湿重生物量为29.30 g·m-2,其中多毛类11.98 g·m-2、甲壳动物2.20 g·m-2、软体动物5.56 g·m-2、棘皮动物4.85 g·m-2.在南黄海西部32°30′～36°00′N的较浅水域,大型底栖动物栖息密度和生物量较高,而南黄海中部深水区大型底栖动物栖息密度和生物量较低.与2000年夏季调查结果相比,大型底栖动物平均栖息密度偏低,平均生物量相近;与1959年全国海洋综合调查夏季的数据相比平均生物量稍低,但多毛类生物量明显偏大,软体动物生物量偏低.     

夏末亚热带太平洋至楚科奇海微微型浮游植物群落

依托2019年8月至2019年9月中国第十次北极科学考察,基于流式细胞术,对亚热带太平洋至楚科奇海的表层微微型浮游植物丰度、细胞大小和色素含量的变化特征进行了分析,研究了各类群的环境适应性.结果表明,微微型浮游植物群落未检出原绿球藻,仅包含聚球藻和微微型真核藻,其丰度范围分别为(0.1～46.7)×103个/mL和(1...     

苏北浅滩邻近海域秋季大型底栖动物生态特征

2007年10月苏北浅滩邻近海域的调查中共鉴定出大型底栖动物120种,种数和丰度的优势生物为多毛类动物,而棘皮动物的生物量占明显优势。群落中优势种以滩栖阳遂足(Amphiura vadicola)和不倒翁虫(Ster-naspis scutata)贡献率最高。大型底栖动物平均丰度为273.57个/m2,平均生物量为44.50 g/m2。自苏北浅滩向外海,大型底栖动物丰度和生物量呈增加的趋势。根据Bray-Curtis相似性系数聚类分析,大型底栖生物可划分为3个群落:1)滩栖阳遂足群落;2)不倒翁虫-梳鳃虫群落;3)稚齿虫-背蚓虫-樱蛤-织纹螺群落。大型底栖生物群落分布与沉积物类型具有较大的相关性。生存环境的剧烈变化是导致苏北浅滩站位种群贫乏的重要原因之一。悬浮物颗粒的短期快速沉降现象可能也是导致种群贫乏的另一重要原因。     

中国海底栖多毛类分类多样性

环节动物多毛纲是大型底栖生物重要类群,对其生物多样性和区系分类的研究,有助于分析人类活动和全球气候变化对生物的影响。之前我国底栖多毛类的多样性研究主要集中在黄海等局部海域。现系统整理渤海、黄海、东海和南海(未包含三沙海域)底栖多毛类的物种名录,并计算了分类多样性指数和相似性系数。结果表明,平均分类差异指数(Δ+)东海最高,达93.23;渤海最低,为90.56。而分类差异变异指数(Λ+)渤海最高,达277.83;东海最低,仅210.45。科级和种级的相似性系数表明,科级水平上4个海域间的相似性均较高,种级水平上渤海和黄海的相似性最高,达0.486;渤海和南海的相似性最低,仅0.128,表明4个海域的底栖多毛类有明显的区系分类差异。通过分析底栖多毛类生物在中国近海的分类多样性差异,初步探讨中国海底栖多毛类的动物区系,以期加深对我国底栖多毛类多样性的认识,为中国海多毛类的多样性研究提供科学依据。