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1.
Predictability of Interannual Variability in the Kuroshio Transport South of Japan Based on Wind Stress Data over the North Pacific 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
It is expected that a roughly two-year forecast of the Kuroshio transport variation can be made from a past record of wind
stress data over the ocean, since it takes nearly ten years for the first-mode baroclinic Rossby wave to traverse the entire
basin in the midlatitude North Pacific (∼30°N). We therefore investigated the predictability using an ocean general circulation
model driven by the wind stress data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric
Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis. Referring to a hindcast experiment as the control run, we carried out fifteen forecast experiments,
the initial conditions of which are taken from the hindcast experiment at intervals of two years during the period from the
end of 1969 to the end of 1997. Each of the forecast experiments is driven only by wind stress in the year preceding each
experiment. The forecasted Kuroshio transport anomaly south of Japan agrees better with the hindcasted one during the first
two years of the forecast in most cases. In some cases, however, significant disagreements occur, most of which are likely
due to larger unpredictable variations caused by wind stress anomalies near Japan. At the end of forecast year 2, the anomaly
correlation coefficient is about 0.7, and rms of the forecast error is smaller than rms of the hindcasted anomaly. These results
indicate that the prediction of the interannual variability in the Kuroshio transport could be made two years in advance at
a statistically significant level.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
Yukio Fujinawa 《Journal of Oceanography》1975,31(1):25-42
The directional spectrum of wind waves was observed using seven wave gauges at the marine observation tower. Directional spectrum was calculated by the method described inFujinawa (1974 a) which assures the high directional resolving power. Under the nearly uniform condition of the wind the process of wave development was studied by the use of the data of the directional spectrum. The analysis revealed that, 1) the mean wave direction does not necessarily coincide with the wind direction, 2) the directional spreading is much narrower than hitherto reported, 3) the growth rate is closely proportional to the square of cosine of the angle between the wave direction and the wind direction, 4) the resonancetype wave-wave interaction plays only minor role in the process of wave development for any wave component in the earlier stage of development and for the most rapidly developing component in the main stage of development. 相似文献
3.
Yukio Agatsuma Nobuyasu Nakabayashi Nobuaki Miura & Kazuya Taniguchi 《Marine Ecology》2005,26(2):100-109
To clarify the differences in the growth and gonad size of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus among algal sere, the study was conducted in June and July, and September 1998 at three fucoid beds in Oga and at three algal turfs in Hachimori, Akita Prefecture in northern Japan. The most rapid growth was observed in a large perennial fucoid bed at the climax stage. Growth in a small perennial Chondrus ocellatus‐dominated bed in algal turfs in the seral stage was then high. The slowest growth was observed in the small perennial Dictyopteris divaricata‐ and Laurencia spp.‐dominated beds which are known to possess chemicals which act as feeding deterrents against the sea urchins. The gonad index (gonad wet weight × 100/body wet weight) at a fucoid bed was high where standing crops exceeded 3 kg·m?2. The gonad index in the Laurencia bed was lower than those at fucoid beds. These results suggest that growth and gonad production are affected by algal sere and differ among species of small perennial algae in the seral stage with or without chemical defense. 相似文献
4.
Tsutomu Ikeda 《Journal of Oceanography》1991,47(3):94-103
The abundance and vertical distribution pattern of a mysidMeterythrops microphthalma were investigated in the Japan Sea. Results from vertical hauls from 602–982 m depth to the surface around Yamato Rise in April 1987 indicated that the dominance (by biomass) ofM. microphthalma was third to fifth of major zooplankton taxa. Vertical distribution investigated at a single station in Toyama Bay in June, September and December 1986 showed that the most part of population of this mysid inhabited consistently below 250 m depth. No marked diurnal vertical migration was evident. Data on body composition and oxygen consumption rate ofM. microphthalma are presented. Water content of the body was 75.6–83.8% of wet weight, and ash was 11.4–20.4% of dry weight. Carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen were 37.9–47.5%, 6.2–7.4% and 9.4–10.1%, respectively, of dry weight. Oxygen consumption rates were 2.2–11.0µl O2 individual–1 hr–1 at 0.5°C, and were directly proportional to body mass. From the comparison with the published data on epipelagic and bathypelagic mysids it is revealed that both body nitrogen composition and oxygen consumption rate expressed as adjusted metabolic rate [AMR02,µl O2 (mg body N)–0.85 hr–1] ofM. microphthalma are intermediate between high epipelagic and low bathypelagic levels, indicating typical mesopelagic features. 相似文献
5.
6.
Mesoscale features in the eastward extension of the Kuroshio were investigated using assimilation of TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P)
data into a three-layer quasi-geostrophic model. The T/P data exhibited an elongated state of the southern recirculation gyre
in 1993–95 and 1997, between whose two periods the gyre had a contracted state in 1995–96. A few stationary eddies were located
in the southern gyre during the contracted state. The baroclinic instability, which was indicated by the phase shift from
the uppermost-to the lowest-layer anomalies toward the downstream side, was evident near the Kuroshio Extension (KE) path.
Since the instability never appeared in the artificial model without bottom topography, the topographic barrier for the eastward
flow in the lowest layer was a necessary condition for the instability. The instability synchronized with the transition in
the western region of the KE axis from the elongated to the contracted states. This evolution was interpreted as if the baroclinic
instability played some part in the KE states and was a trigger for the transition from the elongated to the contracted states. 相似文献
7.
Yukio Oonishi 《Journal of Oceanography》1975,31(6):259-264
A new method for a surface interpolation is proposed, in which the concept of splines under tension is applied. It is useful for the two-dimensional data analysis based on the non-linear fundamental equations in the physical oceanography. 相似文献
8.
The content of selenium and its chemical form in sea water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
By using the new fluorometric method of determination of the total selenium ( Se), Se (IV) and Se (VI), the content of selenium in sea weter was determined in the western North Pacific. Results showed that the content of Se in surface water ranged from 0.06 to 0.12g l–1, while in deeper layers, the content increased to 0.20g l–1. It was found that Se (IV) showed rather uniform distribution with depth, while Se (VI) increased with depth to about three times that in the surface. The ratio of Se (IV) to the Se ranged from 0.5 to 0.8 in the surface and 0.4 to 0.6 in the deep. The coexistence of the hexa- and tetravalent ions of selenium was confirmed both in surface and deep layers. Some results of observations on the content of selenium in the coastal areas of Japan were also reported. 相似文献
9.
A new method of determination of selenium and separation of Se(IV) and Se(VI) in sea water is described. The selenium is determined by fluorometric method using Se-DAN complex in cyclohexane media. Prior to the fluorometric determination, Se(IV) is separated from sea water by means of Se(IV)-DDTC complex which is adsorbed on the macroreticular resin. As to the separation of the total selenium from sea water sample, the reduction and coprecipitation method is used. Se(VI) is determined with the same method as used for the total selenium after the separation of Se(IV). The average recoveries are 92.5±1.3% for Se(IV) and 97.4±0.9% for Se. The standard deviation of analytical results is below 10%. 相似文献
10.
Two numerical studies (Endoh, 1977;Harashima
et al., 1978) have been proposed on a front formed by a coupling effect of cooling of the sea surface and inflow of the fresh water in a vertical two-dimensional plane without the rotation of the earth. It is, however, not easy to interpret their numerical results. A simple interpretation will be proposed by an analytical study in this paper.It is found that local convection due to the density inversion, which is expressed by the convective adjustment of the vertical diffusion coefficient in the actual numerical calculations, plays an important role on the front formation.The characteristics of the front is also clarified in the case of steady state. Namely, simple functional dependences are obtained of the position and the width of the front, the horizontal and the vertical velocities and the distribution of the buoyancy and the salinity in the neighborhood of the front on the horizontal coordinate, the cooling rate, the eddy coefficients of diffusion and viscosity, the water depth and the vertically averaged horizontal fluxes of buoyancy and salinity. 相似文献