14C DATES OF CALCAREOUS SAMPLES,HERON ISLAND,GREAT BARRIER REEF1

Two samples of plant-rich limy sand collected from the 9- and 11-ft.-level of the Heron Island cay were subjected to ¹⁴C dating. Uncertainties related to secondary changes and contaminations, and the unknown transportation history of the woody material prior to accumulation at Heron Island, in combination with the relatively young age of the carbon, did not result in ¹⁴C values useful for correlation and absolute dating purposes.     

基于PostGIS的遥感数据服务系统检索研究

在遥感数据服务系统中,为了快速高效地检索出用户需要的遥感数据信息,常使用PostgreSQL开源数据库的空间数据扩展PostGIS,模拟遥感数据服务系统的使用场景.从建立数据库索引、构建查询语句等方面入手,分析并设计了更高效、更适合遥感数据服务系统的数据库索引建立策略,证明了在遥感数据服务系统中,同时建立GIST空间索引和非空间属性索引更有效.     

Vibrational and rotational cooling of electrons by molecular hydrogen

The cooling of electrons by vibrational and rotational excitation of molecular hydrogen plays an important role in the thermal balance of electrons in atmospheres containing significant amounts of H₂. Calculations of vibrational and rotational cooling rates of electrons by H₂ are described. Results are presented for a wide range of electron and neutral temperatures. Analytical formulae for some of the cooling rates are also provided.     

Crossing Boundaries in a Collaborative Modeling Workspace

There is substantial literature on the importance of bridging across disciplinary and science–management boundaries. One of the ways commonly suggested to cross boundaries is for participants from both sides of the boundary to jointly produce information (i.e., knowledge co-production). But simply providing tools or bringing people together in the same room is not sufficient. Here we present a case study documenting the mechanisms by which managers and scientists collaborated to incorporate climate change projections into Colorado’s State Wildlife Action Plan. A critical component of the project was the use of a collaborative modeling and visualization workspace: the U.S. Geological Survey’s Resource for Advanced Modeling (RAM). Using video analysis and pre/post surveys from this case study, we examine how the RAM facilitated cognitive and social processes that co-produced a more salient and credible end product. This case provides practical suggestions to scientists and practitioners who want to implement actionable science.     

基于CesiumJS的Android端三维地球研究与开发

CesiumJS作为一个能在二维和三维两个维度展示和管理动态地理数据的开源JavaScript库,为遥感领域的开发人员针对GIS应用的开发提供了一个成本更低且更易共享的解决方案.本文基于CesiumJS和Kotlin语言,在Android平台上将Android Native与Web页面相结合,研究并开发了一种集多种遥感...     

Nitric oxide gamma band emission rate factor

Molecular fluorescence emission rate factors for the strong bands of the nitric oxide gamma system have been calculated using recent branching ratios and different temperatures. For the 1-0 gamma band the effects of self-absorption by NO have been taken into account, and effective emission rate factors were calculated for a range of NO column densities at several different temperatures. For column densities near 10¹⁶ cm^?2 self-absorption corrections to the emission rate factor can be significant. The emission rate factor for the 1-0 gamma band is 7.19 or 7.68 × 10^?6 photons molecule^?1 sec^?1 depending upon the use of experimental or theoretical branching ratios.     

The absorption of energetic electrons by molecular hydrogen gas

The processes by which energetic electrons lose energy in a weakly ionized gas of molecular hydrogen are analysed and calculations are carried out taking into account the discrete nature of the excitation processes. The excitation, ionization and heating efficiencies are computed for electrons with energies up to 100 eV absorbed in a gas with fractional ionizations up to 10^?2 and the mean energy per neutral hydrogen atom pair is calculated.     

Disappearing ionospheres on the nightside of Venus

Instruments on the Pioneer Venus Orbiter have detected a substantial ionosphere on the nightside of Venus during most orbits. However, during some orbits the nightside ionosphere seems to have almost disappeared, existing only as irregular patches of low-density plasma. The solar wind dynamic pressure on these occasions is greater than average. We have correlated data from several instruments (Langmuir probe, ion mass spectrometer, retarding potential analyzer, magnetometer, and plasma analyzer) for a number of orbits during which the nightside ionosphere had disappeared. The magnetic field tends to be coherent, horizontal, and larger than usual, and the electron and ion temperatures are much larger than they usually are on the nightside. We suggest mechanisms which might explain the reasons for the disappearance of the ionosphere when the solar wind dynamic pressure is large.     

Comparisons of Cassini flybys of the Titan magnetospheric interaction with an MHD model: Evidence for organized behavior at high altitudes

Recent papers suggest the significant variability of conditions in Saturn’s magnetosphere at the orbit of Titan. Because of this variability, it was expected that models would generally have a difficult time regularly comparing to data from the Titan flybys. However, we find that in contrast to this expectation, it appears that there is underlying organization of the interaction features roughly above ～1800 km (1.7 Rt) altitude by the average external field due to Saturn’s dipole moment. In this study, we analyze Cassini’s plasma and magnetic field data collected at 9 Titan encounters during which the external field is close to the ideal southward direction and compare these observations to the results from a 2-fluid (1 ion, 1 electron) 7-species MHD model simulations obtained under noon SLT conditions. Our comparative analysis shows that under noon SLT conditions the Titan plasma interaction can be viewed in two layers: an outer layer between 6400 and 1800 km where interaction features observed in the magnetic field are in basic agreement with a purely southward external field interaction and an inner layer below 1800 km where the magnetic field measurements show strong variations and deviate from the model predictions. Thus the basic features inferred from the Voyager 1 flyby seem to be generally present above ～1800 km in spite of the ongoing external variations from SLT excursions, time variability and magnetospheric current systems as long as a significant southward external field component is present. At around ～1800 km kinetic effects (such as mass loading and heavy ion pickup) and below 1800 km ionospheric effects (such as drag of ionospheric plasma due to coupling with neutral winds and/or magnetic memory of Titan’s ionosphere) complicate what is observed.