武汉市区第四系含水层地下水有机污染敏感性研究

在详细调查武汉市水文地质条件和地下水污染现状的基础上，获得了高精度的武汉市水环境中微量有机污染物的组成数据。所检测出的有机组分达30余种，以苯及相关苯系物为主，污染程度较高的地下水主要分布在人口密集区和工业，商业区，应用改进的DRASTIC模型－地下水污染敏感性评价模型，在GIS平台上，编制了武汉市区地下水污染敏感性分区图。根据其评价结果，建议集中对那些敏感性相对较高的区域采取有效的环保措施，开发利用时应作出风险评价。     

Vulnerability of groundwater in Quaternary aquifers to organic contaminants: a case study in Wuhan City,China

More than 30 organic contaminants were detected in shallow groundwaters at Wuhan, the largest city in central China. Seriously contaminated groundwaters were from densely populated, industrial and commercial areas. Abnormal concentrations were found in groundwater from Hankou, downtown Wuhan: trimethylbenzene up to 29 μg/L, tetramethylbenzene up to 866 μg/L, and trichloroethene up to 9.5 μg/L. Benzene, Toluene, Ethylene and Xylene (BTEX) contamination of groundwater is serious and widespread at Wuhan, ranging between 0.14 and 25.0 μg/L. Considering the hydrogeological conditions of most Chinese cities, DRAMIC, a modified version of the widely used DRASTIC model, was proposed by the authors for assessing vulnerability of groundwater to contamination. The factors D, R, A and I in DRAMIC model are the same as in DRASTIC. The factor topography is ignored. The factor soil media is substituted by a new factor aquifer thickness (M) and the factor hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer by a new factor impact of contaminant (C). The equation for determining the DRAMIC Index is: DRAMIC = 5D _R + 3R _R + 4A _R + 2M _R + 5I _R + 1C _R. The calculated DRAMIC Index can be used to identify areas that are more likely to be susceptible to groundwater contamination relative to each other. The higher the DRAMIC Index is, the greater the groundwater pollution potential. Applying DRAMIC, a GIS-based vulnerability map for Wuhan city was prepared. Interestingly, places such as downtown Hankou, where enhanced concentrations of BTEX have been detected, correspond quite well with those with higher DRAMIC ratings.     

Rotation curve of galaxies by the force induced by mass of moving particles

Many attempts have been made to explain the flat rotation curve of spiral galaxies regardless of distance from the center, in disagreement with the Newtonian prediction that this speed should diminish as the inverse square of distance. One explanation for this discrepancy is that the galaxy is embedded in dark matter, which interacts with baryonic matter only gravitationally. Many studies have focused on finding the distribution of this dark matter that fits well with observed data, but it is by definition undetectable by current technology, and must therefore remain hypothetical. Instead of dark matter, we propose a novel force, named mirinae force, generated by the mass of relatively-moving particles, and demonstrate that this force explains the rotation curve and evolution of a galaxy in which some of the inner mass of the supermassive black hole at the galactic center is assumed to be revolving at a relativistic speed. The calculation yielded important results that support the existence of mirinae force and validate the proposed model: First, the mirinae force explains why most of the matter is in the galactic disk and in circular motion which is similar to that of particles in a cyclotron. Second, the mirinae force explains well both the flat rotation curve and the varied slope of the rotation curve observed in spiral galaxies. Third, at the flat velocity of 220 km/s, the inner mass of the Milky Way calculated by using the proposed model is 6.0×10¹¹ M _⊙, which is very close to 5.5×10¹¹ M _⊙ (r<50 kpc, including Leo I) estimated by using the latest kinematic information.