全文获取类型
收费全文 | 347篇 |
免费 | 27篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 2篇 |
大气科学 | 25篇 |
地球物理 | 108篇 |
地质学 | 89篇 |
海洋学 | 41篇 |
天文学 | 79篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
自然地理 | 29篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 10篇 |
2016年 | 9篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 8篇 |
2013年 | 14篇 |
2012年 | 15篇 |
2011年 | 24篇 |
2010年 | 21篇 |
2009年 | 17篇 |
2008年 | 19篇 |
2007年 | 28篇 |
2006年 | 8篇 |
2005年 | 13篇 |
2004年 | 10篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 15篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1953年 | 1篇 |
1877年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有374条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
Dirk Pandel France A. Córdova Steve B. Howell 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,346(4):1231-1241
We present an analysis of X-ray and ultraviolet (UV) data of the dwarf nova VW Hyi that were obtained with XMM–Newton during the quiescent state. The X-ray spectrum indicates the presence of an optically thin plasma in the boundary layer that cools as it settles on to the white dwarf. The plasma has a continuous temperature distribution that is well described by a power law or a cooling flow model with a maximum temperature of 6–8 keV. We estimate from the X-ray spectrum a boundary layer luminosity of 8 × 1030 erg s-1 , which is only 20 per cent of the disc luminosity. The rate of accretion on to the white dwarf is 5 × 10−12 M⊙ yr−1 , about half of the rate in the disc. From the high-resolution X-ray spectra, we estimate that the X-ray emitting part of the boundary layer is rotating with a velocity of 540 km s−1 , which is close to the rotation velocity of the white dwarf but is significantly smaller than the Keplerian velocity. We detect a 60-s quasi-periodic oscillation of the X-ray flux, which is likely to be due to the rotation of the boundary layer. The X-ray and the UV flux show strong variability on a time-scale of ∼1500 s. We find that the variability in the two bands is correlated and that the X-ray fluctuations are delayed by ∼100 s. The correlation indicates that the variable UV flux is emitted near the transition region between the disc and the boundary layer and that accretion rate fluctuations in this region are propagated to the X-ray emitting part of the boundary layer within ∼100 s. An orbital modulation of the X-ray flux suggests that the inner accretion disc is tilted with respect to the orbital plane. The elemental abundances in the boundary layer are close to their solar values. 相似文献
3.
4.
Andrea Jaeschke Michael D. Lewan Ellen C. Hopmans Stefan Schouten Jaap S. Sinninghe Damst 《Organic Geochemistry》2008,39(12):1735
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has been recognized as a major process resulting in loss of fixed inorganic nitrogen in the marine environment. Ladderane lipids, membrane lipids unique to anammox bacteria, have been used as markers for the detection of anammox in marine settings. However, the fate of ladderane lipids after sediment burial and maturation is unknown. In this study, anammox bacterial cell material was artificially matured by hydrous pyrolysis at constant temperatures ranging from 120 to 365 °C for 72 h to study the stability of ladderane lipids during progressive dia- and catagenesis. HPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed that structural alterations of ladderane lipids already occurred at 120 °C. At temperatures >140 °C, ladderane lipids were absent and only more thermally stable products could be detected, i.e., ladderane derivatives in which some of the cyclobutane rings were opened. These diagenetic products of ladderane lipids were still detectable up to temperatures of 260 °C using GC-MS. Thus, ladderane lipids are unlikely to occur in ancient sediments and sedimentary rocks, but specific diagenetic products of ladderane lipids will likely be present in sediments and sedimentary rocks of relatively low maturity (i.e., C31 hopane 22S/(22S + 22R) ratio <0.2 or ββ/(αβ + βα + ββ) ratio of >0.5). 相似文献
5.
Alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and 13C profiles from seep sites on the northwestern Gulf of Mexico upper slope show anomalously negative 13C values of up to –4.5 PDB, increased levels of DIC of up to 2.45 mmole/liter, and slight alkalinity rises of up to 2.54 meq/liter, relative to water column profiles from a seep-free site (0.63, 2.04 mmole/liter, and 2.39 meq/liter). The observed DIC enrichments coupled with the13C-depletions are attributed to the release of CO2 by microbial oxidation of crude oil in the seep environment, and its migration into the water column. The 13C composition of the migrating CO2 is estimated to be –26.0 on the basis of dissolved carbon inventory. Manifestation of DIC and 13C anomalies in the water column caused by hydrocarbon seepage holds promise to be useful for hydrocarbon reconnaissance surveys over large offshore tracts on account of the simplicity of sampling acquisition, and rapidity of analytical techniques in the laboratory. 相似文献
6.
Jeffrey N. Cross John T. Hardy Jo Ellen Hose G.Patrick Hershelman Liam D. Antrim Richard W. Gossett Eric A. Crecelius 《Marine environmental research》1987,23(4)
Sea-surface microlayer samples were collected from six nearshore areas receiving different amounts of anthropogenic inputs. The samples were analyzed for selected trace metals, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The relative toxicities of the samples were determined with fish embryo bioassays.Contaminant concentrations generally increased from offshore to the inshore stations. Contaminant concentrations were several orders of magnitude higher in microlayer samples from the highly industrialized Los Angeles and Long Beach harbors compared to samples from a site 15km offshore. Microlayer samples from the inshore stations were significantly more toxic, and induced significantly more developmental abnormalities and chromosome aberrations, than samples from the offshore stations. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
We have constructed a computer model for simulation of point-sources imaged on two-dimensional detectors. An attempt has been made to ensure that the model produces data that mimic real data taken with 2-D detectors. To be realistic, such simulations must include randomly generated noise of the appropriate type from all sources (e.g. source, background, and detector). The model is generic and accepts input values for parameters such as pixel size, read noise, source magnitude, and sky brightness. Point-source profiles are then generated with noise and detector characteristics added via our model. The synthetic data are output as simple integrations (onedimensional), as radial slices (two-dimensional), and as intensity-contour plots (three-dimensional). Each noise source can be turned on or off so that they can be studied separately as well as in combination to yield a realistic view of an image. This paper presents the basic properties of the model and some examples of how it can be used to simulate the effects of changing image position, image scale, signal strength, noise characteristics, and data reduction procedures.Use of the model has allowed us to confirm and quantify three points: 1) The use of traditionalsize apertures for photometry of faint point-sources adds substantial noise to the measurement which can significantly degrade the quality of the observation; 2) The number of pixels used to estimate the background is important and must be considered when estimating errors; and 3) The CCD equation normally used by the astronomical community consistently overestimates the signal-to-noise obtainable by a measurement while a revised equation, discussed here, provides a better estimator. 相似文献
10.
Jeomshik Hwang Ellen R.M. Druffel Daniel J. Repeta 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2006,70(20):5162-5168
A major fraction of particulate organic carbon (POC) in the deep ocean remains molecularly uncharacterized. In an effort to determine the chemical characteristics and source(s) of sinking POC, we studied a nonhydrolyzable fraction of sinking POC using 13C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy and analytical pyrolysis. 13C NMR spectra and products from analytical pyrolysis of the nonhydrolyzable fraction exhibit a strongly aliphatic character that is distinct from that of bulk POC. The aliphatic nature of this fraction is consistent with its low stable carbon isotope values. We hypothesize that the nonhydrolyzable fraction derives to a significant extent from a refractory component of organisms that selectively accumulates, resulting in its manifestation as a major part of POC sinking to the deep ocean and in underlying sediments. 相似文献