Wave Decay and Its Characteristics in Surf Zone

In accordance with the similarity between breaking waves and hydraulic jumps, the expressions for estimating wave decay and wave energy dissipation in the surf zone are derived based on the fundamental equations of fluid mechanics. Using the numerical solution of cnoidal wave theory, the various kinematic properties of waves in the surf zone, including the relative wave crest height, wave energy, and radiation stress are discussed. The values calculated with the method proposed in this paper are in good agreement with the experimental data gained by other researchers. The present expressions can be used in the studies of sediment transport on gently sloping beaches, especially on muddy beaches.     

Geochemistry and environmental effect of cadmium in the super-large Jinding Pb-Zn deposit,Yunnan Province,China

The Jinding Pb-Zn deposit in Yunnan Province is the representative of a Cd-enriched area and mining activities lead to the release of Cd into the hypergenic ecosystem, resulting in Cd pollution. The concentrations of Cd vary greatly from one type to another type of rocks in the mining district. In the host rock, Cd concentrations range from 50×10^-6 to 650×10^-6 with an average of 310×10^-6. In primary ores, Cd concentrations range from 14×10^-6 to 2800×10^-6 with an average of 767×10^-6. However, in oxidized ores, Cd concentrations are highest, varying within the range of 110×10^-6 to 8200×10^-6 , averaging 1661×10^-6. It is shown that the oxidized ores are the main carder and environmental source of Cd. Leaching test showed that Pb/Zn ores are easy to oxidize and thereafter release Cd and other harmful elements. These leached elements in the leachate may be precipitated rapidly in the order of Zn〉Pb〉Cd. As for the concentration distribution of Cd in the Bijiang River, it is estimated to be 15.7 μg/L Cd in water, 49.3 mg/L in suspended substances, and 203.7 mg/L in sediments. The average value of Cd in soil from the polluted area is 83.0 mg/kg. Natural weathering of Cd-rich rocks and minerals imposes a potential environmental risk on the aquatic ecosystem of the Bijiang catchment.     

下扬子地区“三气一油”钻探发现及成藏地质条件——以皖南港地1井钻探发现为例

下扬子地区经历了多期构造运动,地质条件复杂,对油气保存条件产生了重要影响。页岩油气具有自生自储的特性,与常规油气相比,对保存条件的要求较低,在下扬子地区具备形成页岩油气藏的潜力。通过港地1井钻探,在下扬子地区二叠系大隆组和龙潭组获得了页岩油、页岩气、煤层气和致密砂岩气"三气一油"的发现,与常规油气"上气下油"不同,港地1井油气呈现"上油下气"式非常规油气储集方式。大隆组富有机质页岩厚度约70m,地层倾角10°～20°,现场解吸获取的页岩气样品甲烷含量达80%,有机质丰度为1.9%～2.3%,平均值约2.0%,有机质成熟度(Ro)为1%～1.25%,平均值约1.2%,具备生成页岩油气的良好基础。基于港地1井的钻探发现,认为下扬子地区构造运动影响弱、盆地规模小、保存条件好的"小而整"的坳陷或盆地具备形成页岩油气藏的地质条件。     

山地降水垂直分布三参数高斯模式及其应用

针对蒋忠信山地降水高斯模式计算中的问题,提出三参数高斯模式及其非线性回归计算方法,将其应用于我国部分山地降水中,效果较好。     

面向OBE的《海洋测绘》课程质量达成度评价方法构建及应用

构建合理课程质量评价体系是专业认证工作的一项重要内容,也是成果导向教育(Outcome Based Education,OBE)得以真正实施的基础保障.以江苏海洋大学国家一流专业测绘工程的《海洋测绘》课程为例,探讨了海洋测绘课程质量达成度综合评价方法,并结合实例进行应用分析.为课程质量达成度评价提供有效借鉴.     

SIMS U-Pb dating of micro-zircons in the lunar meteorites Dhofar 1528 and Dhofar 1627

About half of the lunar meteorites in our collections are feldspathic breccias. Acquiring geochronologic information from these breccias is challenging due to their low radioactive-element contents and their often polymict nature. We used high-spatial-resolution (5 μm) NanoSIMS (nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry) U-Pb dating technique to date micro-zircons in the lunar feldspathic meteorites Dhofar 1528 and Dhofar 1627. Three NanoSIMS dating spots of two zircon grains from Dhofar 1528 show a discordia with an upper intercept at 4354 ± 76 Ma and a lower intercept at 332 ± 1407 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 0.01, p = 0.91). Three spots of two zircon grains in Dhofar 1627 define a discordia with an upper intercept at 3948 ± 30 Ma and a lower intercept at 691 ± 831 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 0.40, p = 0.53). Both samples likely experienced shock metamorphism caused by impacts. Based on the clastic nature, lack of recrystallization and the consistent U-Pb and Pb-Pb dates of the zircons in Dhofar 1528, the U-Pb date of 4354 Ma is interpreted as the crystallization age of its Mg-suite igneous precursor. Some of the Dhofar 1627 zircons show poikilitic texture, a crystallization from the matrix impact melt, so the U-Pb date of 3948 Ma corresponds to an impact event, likely the Imbrium basin-forming event. These data are the first radiometric ages for these two meteorites and demonstrate that in situ (high spatial resolution) U-Pb dating has potential for extracting geochronological information about igneous activities and impact events from lunar feldspathic and polymict breccias.     

基于专业认证导向的测绘工程专业毕业设计持续改进

毕业设计是满足工程教育专业认证标准的重要内容,需要持续改进才能不断提高质量。以2011—2017年毕业设计题目为主要依据,结合学校毕业设计的管理规定和工程教育专业认证的要求,对题目性质和来源进行统计分析,并简要分析原因。通过详细分析毕业设计(论文)研究内容将题目分成13类,并将题目做归类处理,对题目所占比例的变化规律和原因进行简要分析,同时题目涉及到的专业方向做了简要说明。最后介绍毕业设计持续改进的经验,主要包括指导教师队伍建设、毕业设计选题、过程管理和毕业设计质量保证。     

NanoSIMS analysis of organic carbon from the Tissint Martian meteorite: Evidence for the past existence of subsurface organic‐bearing fluids on Mars

Two petrographic settings of carbonaceous components, mainly filling open fractures and occasionally enclosed in shock‐melt veins, were found in the recently fallen Tissint Martian meteorite. The presence in shock‐melt veins and the deuterium enrichments (δD up to +1183‰) of these components clearly indicate a pristine Martian origin. The carbonaceous components are kerogen‐like, based on micro‐Raman spectra and multielemental ratios, and were probably deposited from fluids in shock‐induced fractures in the parent rock of Tissint. After precipitation of the organic matter, the rock experienced another severe shock event, producing the melt veins that encapsulated a part of the organic matter. The C isotopic compositions of the organic matter (δ¹³C = ?12.8 to ?33.1‰) are significantly lighter than Martian atmospheric CO₂ and carbonate, providing a tantalizing hint for a possible biotic process. Alternatively, the organic matter could be derived from carbonaceous chondrites, as insoluble organic matter from the latter has similar chemical and isotopic compositions. The presence of organic‐rich fluids that infiltrated rocks near the surface of Mars has significant implications for the study of Martian paleoenvironment and perhaps to search for possible ancient biological activities on Mars.     

Presolar grains in the CM2 chondrite Sutter's Mill

The Sutter's Mill (SM) carbonaceous chondrite is a regolith breccia, composed predominantly of CM2 clasts with varying degrees of aqueous alteration and thermal metamorphism. An investigation of presolar grains in four Sutter's Mill sections, SM43, SM51, SM2‐4, and SM18, was carried out using NanoSIMS ion mapping technique. A total of 37 C‐anomalous grains and one O‐anomalous grain have been identified, indicating an abundance of 63 ppm for presolar C‐anomalous grains and 2 ppm for presolar oxides. Thirty‐one silicon carbide (SiC), five carbonaceous grains, and one Al‐oxide (Al₂O₃) were confirmed based on their elemental compositions determined by C‐N‐Si and O‐Si‐Mg‐Al isotopic measurements. The overall abundance of SiC grains in Sutter's Mill (55 ppm) is consistent with those in other CM chondrites. The absence of presolar silicates in Sutter's Mill suggests that they were destroyed by aqueous alteration on the parent asteroid. Furthermore, SM2‐4 shows heterogeneous distributions of presolar SiC grains (12–54 ppm) in different matrix areas, indicating that the fine‐grained matrix clasts come from different sources, with various thermal histories, in the solar nebula.     

TOPEX/Poseidon卫星监测博斯腾湖水位变化及其与NINO3 SST的相关性分析

利用TOPEX/Poseidon(T/P)卫星10年（1992~2002）监测博斯腾湖水位变化的GDR数据,经过数据的地球物理改正、编辑、约化和滤波后,分别采用小波分析和傅里叶分析得到了博斯腾湖水位变化的平均周期为1034d,363d,182d和47d。季节性变化是湖泊水位变化的主项,利用最小二乘法得到了周年振幅为0.7196m,半年振幅为0.5322m,因此季节性变化的主周期是周年,次周期是半年。博斯腾湖水位变化变化趋势为0.2012m/a,说明在全球气候变暖趋势下,博斯腾湖水位在升高。由博斯腾湖月水位变化的时间序列与NINO3 SST进行相关性分析,发现在NINO3 SST 发生6个月后,博斯腾湖月水位变化序列与NINO3 SST数据相关性最大(-0.2784),表明厄尔尼诺事件对我国西部气候影响的具有一定的滞后性。