Stable Isotope Ratios: Hurricane Olivia

The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of rains from HurricaneOlivia (1994) in the eastern Pacific were measured. The rains werecollected on 24 and 25 September during airplane flights conducted at anelevation of 3 km. Hurricane Olivia peaked in intensity to a category-4storm between the two dates. Isotope ratios of rains from HurricaneOlivia were markedly lower ( ¹⁸O = –13.9to –28.8) than that of rain collected from a thunderstormat an elevation of 2.3 km outside the influence of Olivia (¹⁸O = –3.8). A distinct decrease in isotoperatios from the first day to the next ( ¹⁸O =–18.4 to –21.9) in Hurricane Olivia wasattributed to decreased updraft velocities and outflow aloft. Thisshifted the isotopic water mass balance so that fewer hydrometeors werelifted and more ice descended to flight level. A decrease in the averagedeuterium excess from the first day to the next (d = 15.5 to 7.1)was attributed to an increase in the relative humidity of the watervapor `source' area. We hypothesize that the `source' region for therain was in the boundary layer near the storm center and that becausethe hurricane was at peak intensity prior to the second day the relative humidity was higher.     

High-Order Sequential Simulation via Statistical Learning in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space

Mathematical Geosciences - The present work proposes a new high-order simulation framework based on statistical learning. The training data consist of the sample data together with a training...     

Oceanographic DataLink

This paper describes the Oceanographic DataLink (ODL) system, a global, multi-user telemetry system designed for oceanographic applications. This system uses a combination of spread spectrum, advanced modulation and coding techniques to support global control and data acquisition using existing C-band satellites. User equipment is designed to be self-powered and small, with antennas that can be as small as a quarter. This paper discusses the capabilities of this system in the context of other communication systems presently employed or planned for oceanographic applications. It also discusses the system issues faced in its development and the methods and technologies employed to overcome these challenges. It describes the system architecture and ongoing improvements to the architecture. It also details multiple successful demonstrations of the technology and the near-term plans for demonstrations of the technology with the discussed improvements     

Total internal partition sums to support planetary remote sensing

Total internal partition sums are determined from 65 to 3010 K for ¹³C¹⁸O₂, ¹³C¹⁸O¹⁷O, ¹²CH₃D, ¹³CH₃D, H¹²C¹²CD, ¹³C¹²CH₆, ¹²CH₃⁷⁹Br, ¹²CH₃⁸¹Br, ¹²CF₄, H¹²C¹²C¹²C¹²CH, H¹²C¹²C¹²C¹⁴N, H¹²C¹²C¹³C¹⁴N, H¹²C¹³C¹²C¹⁴N, H¹³C¹²C¹²C¹⁴N, H¹²C¹²C¹²C¹⁵N, D¹²C¹²C¹²C¹⁴N, ¹⁴N¹²C¹²C¹⁴N, ¹⁵N¹²C¹²C¹⁵N, ¹²C³²S, ¹²C³³S, ¹²C³⁴S, ¹³C³²S, H₂, HD, ³²S¹⁶O, ³²S¹⁸O, ³⁴S¹⁶O, ¹²C₃H₄, ¹²CH₃, ¹²C³²S₂, ³²S¹²C³⁴S, ¹³C³²S₂, and ³²S¹²C³³S. These calculations complete the partition sum data needed for additional isotopologues in HITRAN2008 and also extend the partition sums to molecules of astrophysical interest. These data, at 25 K steps, are incorporated into a FORTRAN code (TIPS_2011.for) that can be used to rapidly generate the data at any temperature in the range 70-3000 K.     

Training Image Free High-Order Stochastic Simulation Based on Aggregated Kernel Statistics

Mathematical Geosciences - A training image free, high-order sequential simulation method is proposed herein, which is based on the efficient inference of high-order spatial statistics from the...     

New Tabu Algorithm for Positioning Mining Drillholes with Blocks Uncertainty

This paper proposes a new approach to the mining exploration drillholes positioning problem (DPP) that incorporates both geostatistical and optimization techniques. A metaheuristic was developed to solve the DPP taking into account an uncertainty index that quantifies the reliability of the current interpretation of the mineral deposit. The uncertainty index was calculated from multiple deposit realizations obtained by truncated Gaussian simulations conditional to the available drillholes samplings. A linear programming model was defined to select the subset of future drillholes that maximizes coverage of the uncertainty. A Tabu Search algorithm was developed to solve large instances of this set partitioning problem. The proposed Tabu Search algorithm is shown to provide good quality solutions approaching 95% of the optimal solution in a reasonable computing time, allowing close to optimal coverage of uncertainty for a fixed investment in drilling.