基于O2/Ar比值估算海洋混合层群落净生产力的研究进展

群落净生产力(NCP)是海洋混合层中光合作用和群落呼吸作用的差值,代表了从表层海水向深层海洋输送的最大有机质量,是衡量生物活动对上层海洋碳循环影响的有效指标。海洋混合层的溶解氧浓度主要受物理过程和生物过程控制,而惰性气体氩(Ar)的分布主要受物理过程以及温度和盐度对溶解度的影响,由于O2和Ar具有相似的物理特性,因此氧氩比值(O2/Ar)消除了物理过程对海水中溶解氧的影响,其偏离平衡值的量(ΔO 2/Ar)可表征生物过饱和氧,并可据此估算群落净生产力。随着质谱技术的发展,连续走航测定O2/Ar比值技术得到广泛应用并可以获得高时空分辨率NCP分布,因此成为估算海洋混合层NCP的重要方法。本文介绍了基于O2/Ar比值法估算群落净生产力的原理,综述了用O2/Ar比值法估算海洋混合层中群落净生产力的研究进展,探讨了估算模型中存在的不足及解决办法,并对其未来发展方向做了展望。     

Research Project Entitled "The Dynamics and Physical Processes in The Weather and Climate System" --Part Ⅰ: A Brief Introduction

In the beginning of the 21st century, the Tenth Five-Year Priority Research Projects of the Earth Sciences of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) were initiated. After nearly a two-year long process to prepare, the first version of six Priority Research Projects of Earth Sciences was published in October 2001 by NSFC, viz., Local Response to Global Changes, Life Process and Environment,Dynamics and Physical Processes in the Weather and Climate System, Continental Dynamics, Regional Sustainable Development, Solar-Terrestrial Environment and Space Weather. The process involved more than 200 renowned Chinese scientists and many departments and agencies in China. The six Priority Research Projects guide the research effort of the earth sciences for the NSFC from year 2001 to 2005.This paper provides a brief introduction to the Third Priority Research Project of the Department of Earth Sciences of NSFC-Dynamics and Physical Processes in the Weather and Climate System (DPWOS).     

夏秋季南海北部陆坡区氧化亚氮的分布、产生及海-气交换通量

分别于2014年10月和2015年6月对南海北部陆坡区进行了调查,研究了其溶存氧化亚氮(N_2O)的分布、产生并估算了其海-气交换通量。结果表明:秋季南海北部表层海水中溶解N_2O浓度为(8.19±0.79)nmol/L,饱和度为132.5%±13.4%;夏季表层海水中溶解N_2O浓度为(7.72±0.56)nmol/L,饱和度为135.5%±9.7%。夏季由于受到珠江冲淡水的影响,表层N_2O浓度随盐度升高呈降低趋势,秋季调查区域东北部受到穿过吕宋海峡的黑潮分支表层水的影响,N_2O浓度较低。结合文献资料,南海北部陆坡区表层N_2O浓度季节变化特征为春末秋季夏季,同一季节,南海陆坡区的N_2O浓度高于其他区域。温度是影响N_2O分布的重要因素,ΔN_2O与表观耗氧量(apparent oxygen utilization,AOU)和NO_3~ˉ的显著相关说明硝化作用是南海水体中N_2O产生的主要机制,由此估算硝化作用的N_2O产率分别为秋季0.033%,夏季0.035%。利用N2000和W2014公式分别估算了该区域秋季和夏季N_2O的海-气交换通量:秋季为1.81—23.81(11.11±6.52,平均值±SD,下同)(N2000)和1.73—24.38(11.30±6.81)(W2014),夏季为1.01—21.57(7.04±6.10)(N2000)和0.75—22.69(6.94±6.49)(W2014),单位均为μmol/(m~2·d)。初步估算出南海北部陆坡N_2O释放量为0.055Tg/a,约占全球海洋总释放量的0.39%,远高于其面积比,说明南海北部陆坡是N_2O释放的活跃海域,是大气N_2O的重要源。     

Research Project Entitled “The Dynamics and Physical Processes in The Weather and Climate System“ --Part Ⅰ: A Brief Introduction

1. Introduction Human activities including social and economic de-velopments, are closely related to the change of theweather and climate system. Since the beginning oftime, weather and climate, which are the general termsfor the entire range of phenom…     

黄、东海秋季群落净生产力的分布特征及其影响因素

群落净生产力(Net Community Production, NCP)代表了总初级生产力与群落呼吸的差值,是衡量生物活动对上层海洋碳循环影响的重要指标。O₂/Ar比值消除了物理过程对海水中溶解氧(O₂)饱和度的影响,因此基于生物氧饱和度(ΔO₂/Ar)可以估算海洋混合层群落净生产力。本研究于2015年10月,首次利用膜进样质谱法走航获取了黄东海表层海水中高分辨率O₂/Ar数据,并估算了其NCP,探讨了其分布特征及影响因素。本航次观测到的Δ(O₂/Ar)范围为-30.21%～44.38%,平均值为(0.32±8.29)%,低值主要出现在长江口北侧,而长江口(11.75±13.75)%和浙闽沿岸(5.42±5.21)%的Δ(O₂/Ar)明显高于南黄海(-2.62±5.96)%和东海陆架区(-0.79±5.02)%。南黄海和东海陆架区平均NCP为(-9.24±23.15)和(-4.04±18.68) mmol·m^-2·d^-1<...