藻类功能食品的物质基础与研究开发现状

对藻类功能食品的研究和开发现状作综述报道。涉及的主要内容有：作为功能食品物质基础的食物纤维、ＰＵＦＡ、维生素、矿物质和微量元素、氨基酸以及其它有生理活性的物质。     

新生大鼠海马神经元体外分散培养技术研究

在实验室建立了分散的新生大鼠海马神经细胞体外培养模型。该模型属原代培养,在体外能直接观察神经元的生长发育。研究表明：该模型稳定性好,差异性小;培养神经细胞可存活１个月以上,１４ｄ左右细胞生长最为丰满,且四周晕光明显,神经突起多而粗大,分枝互成网络;１４ｄ以后生长减缓。由于在此模型培养的条件下,既不存在血脑屏障问题,又容易控制条件,便于在细胞和分子水平上深入研究神经细胞的形态学、生理学、生化代谢及药理学等方面的问题,特别适合在体外进行神经药理学的研究。     

响应面法优化浒苔半纤维素的提取条件及其组分分析

以浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)为原料,采用响应面法优化碱性过氧化氢提取半纤维素的条件。在单因素实验的基础上,运用Box-Benhnken中心组合原理,设计四因素三水平实验,确定半纤维素最佳提取条件。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)和离子色谱(IC)分析浒苔半纤维素组分。结果表明,各因素对浒苔半纤维的提取率的影响为:时间温度料液比氢氧化钠浓度。碱性过氧化氢法提取半纤维素的最佳条件为:氢氧化钠浓度为4.8 g/L,提取温度为92℃,提取时间为5 h,料液比1︰70,半纤维素的提取率为56.75%,与预测值57.30%基本一致。FT-IR结果显示,浒苔半纤维素红外吸收光谱中含有明显的木糖和阿拉伯糖的特征吸收峰,为吡喃环结构,由β-糖苷键连接。离子色谱结果表明,浒苔半纤维素主要由木糖和阿拉伯糖组成,含有少量葡萄糖和半乳糖。木糖含量为54.4%,其次为阿拉伯糖,含量为15.3%,葡萄糖和半乳糖含量分别为5.6%和2.7%。     

牡蛎中诺如病毒的分子流行病学研究进展

牡蛎是重要的海产贝类,其味道鲜美,倍受人们喜爱,许多地区仍有生吃牡蛎的习惯。相关研究结果表明,牡蛎不仅是副溶血性弧菌等病原菌的携带者,也是甲型肝炎、诺如病毒（Noroviruses,NVs）等病毒的主要载体^[1]。NVs是目前习见的食物源性病毒之一^[2],近年来世界范围内相继报道多起食物因污染NVs病毒导致急性胃肠炎的暴发和散发,     

Histo-blood group antigens in Crassostrea gigas and binding profiles with GⅡ.4 Norovirus

Noroviruses(NoVs) are the main cause of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide, and oysters are the most common carriers of NoV contamination and transmission. NoVs bind specifically to oyster tissues through histo-blood group antigens(HBGAs), and this facilitates virus accumulation and increases virus persistence in oysters. To investigate the interaction of HBGAs in Pacific oysters with GⅡ.4 NoV, we examined HBGAs with ELISAs and investigated binding patterns with oligosaccharide-binding assays using P particles as a model of five GⅡ.4 NoV capsids. The HBGAs in the gut and gills exhibited polymorphisms. In the gut, type A was detected(100%), whereas type Leb(91.67%) and type A(61.11%) were both observed in the gills. Moreover, we found that seasonal NoV gastroenteritis outbreaks were not significantly associated with the specific HBGAs detected in the oyster gut and gills. In the gut, we found that strain-2006 b and strain-96/96 US bound to type A and H1 but only weakly bound to type Leb; in contrast, the Camberwell and Hunter strains exhibited weak binding to types H1 and Ley, and strain-Sakai exhibited no binding to any HBGA type. In the gills, strain-96/96 US and strain-2006 b bound to type Leb but only weakly bound to type H1; strains Camberwell, Hunter, and Sakai did not bind to oyster HBGAs. Assays for oligosaccharide binding to GⅡ.4 NoV P particles showed that strain-95/96 US and strain-2006 b strongly bound to type A, B, H1, Leb, and Ley oligosaccharides, while strains Camberwell and Hunter showed weak binding ability to type H1 and Ley oligosaccharides and strain-Sakai showed weak binding ability to type Leb and Ley oligosaccharides. Our study presents new information and enhances understanding about the mechanism for NoV accumulation in oysters. Further studies of multiple NoV-tissue interactions might assist in identifying new or improved strategies for minimizing contamination, including HBGA-based attachment inhibition or depuration.