吉尔嘎朗图凹陷宝饶洼槽下白垩统层序地层与沉积体系

运用高分辨率层序地层学原理和方法,通过对钻井和地震资料的综合分析,在二连盆地吉尔嘎朗图凹陷下白垩统中识别出1个超长期基准面旋回(二级层序)SSC1和5个长期基准面旋回(三级层序):LSC1,LSC2,LSC3,LSC4,LSC5,分析了各旋回的发育特征。识别出五种类型的沉积体系:滨浅湖近岸水下扇、较深水湖浊积扇、滨浅湖扇三角洲、滨浅湖辫状河三角洲和河流沉积体系,并在等时地层格架内分析了各基准面旋回的沉积体系构成和储层砂体的发育情况。综合分析生、诸、盖条件后认为,在垂向上,LSC3旋回为本区最有利的储集层段,在平面上,本区的油气勘探应主要寻找宝饶构造带辫状河三角洲前缘砂体,主要储层砂体类型为前缘分流水道砂和前缘席状砂。     

Tectono-sedimentary evolution of Jurassic–Cretaceous diapiric structures: Miravete anticline,Maestrat Basin,Spain

Integration of extensive fieldwork, remote sensing mapping and 3D models from high-quality drone photographs relates tectonics and sedimentation to define the Jurassic–early Albian diapiric evolution of the N–S Miravete anticline, the NW-SE Castel de Cabra anticline and the NW-SE Cañada Vellida ridge in the Maestrat Basin (Iberian Ranges, Spain). The pre shortening diapiric structures are defined by well-exposed and unambiguous halokinetic geometries such as hooks and flaps, salt walls and collapse normal faults. These were developed on Triassic salt-bearing deposits, previously misinterpreted because they were hidden and overprinted by the Alpine shortening. The Miravete anticline grew during the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous and was rejuvenated during Cenozoic shortening. Its evolution is separated into four halokinetic stages, including the latest Alpine compression. Regionally, the well-exposed Castel de Cabra salt anticline and Cañada Vellida salt wall confirm the widespread Jurassic and Early Cretaceous diapiric evolution of the Maestrat Basin. The NE flank of the Cañada Vellida salt wall is characterized by hook patterns and by a 500-m-long thin Upper Jurassic carbonates defining an upturned flap, inferred as the roof of the salt wall before NE-directed salt extrusion. A regional E-W cross section through the Ababuj, Miravete and Cañada-Benatanduz anticlines shows typical geometries of salt-related rift basins, partly decoupled from basement faults. These structures could form a broader diapiric region still to be investigated. In this section, the Camarillas and Fortanete minibasins displayed well-developed bowl geometries at the onset of shortening. The most active period of diapiric growth in the Maestrat Basin occurred during the Early Cretaceous, which is also recorded in the Eastern Betics, Asturias and Basque-Cantabrian basins. This period coincides with the peak of eastward drift of the Iberian microplate, with speeds of 20 mm/year. The transtensional regime is interpreted to have played a role in diapiric development.     

Investigation of superstructures in mullite by high resolution electron microscopy and electron diffraction

Superstructures in synthetic mullite, Al_4+2x Si_2?2x O_10?x , prepared using the zone melting technique, are studied by high resolution electron microscopy (HREM), electron diffraction, and in situ energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. For x=0.40 composition HREM images indicate only short-range order. Near x=0.5 composition mullite has an antiphase domain structure with antiphase boundaries (APB's) oriented parallel to (100). For higher Al-content the APB's run in non-rational orientations which are slightly inclined against the {601}-planes. We propose models for the superstructures in which oxygen vacancies are arranged in channels parallel to the crystal b-axis. The models are supported by a one-to-one match between observed and computer-simulated images. An Al-rich limit of x=2/3 for mullite is deduced on the basis of stereochemical considerations. Different ordering schemes for the tetrahedral cations are believed to result in the orientation change of the APB's near x=0.5 composition.     

冀中饶阳凹陷大王庄地区古近系沉积演化特征与储盖组合分析

冀中饶阳凹陷大王庄地区古近系属断陷湖盆演化阶段,分为断陷分割期、断陷扩张期和断陷萎缩期3个时期,发育辫状河三角洲、滨浅湖和曲流河3类沉积体系。在等时地层格架内,分析了该地区沉积演化特征和储盖组合的分布及时空展布规律,指出该区古近系主要发育沙三段、沙二段、沙一段和东营组4套储盖组合,其中沙一段储盖组合为最有利的含油储盖组合。     

柴西乌南-绿草滩地区古近系下干柴沟组下段储盖组合与勘探潜力

运用层序地层学的理论和方法,综合钻井、测井和三维地震资料,在柴西乌南-绿草滩地区古近系下干柴沟组下段识别出两个层序界面,将其划分为1个长期基准面旋回(三级层序)LSC1和4个中期基准面旋回(四级层序)MSC1、MSC2、MSC3和MSC4。在等时地层格架约束下,详细分析了研究区储集层、盖层及储盖组合的发育规律与基准面旋回的内在联系,指出本区古近系下干柴沟组下段具有较大的油气勘探潜力。     

广西高龙孤立碳酸盐台地的生长发育模式

在二叠纪的南盘江盆地中发育着许多大大小小的孤立碳酸盐台地,高龙碳酸盐孤立台地是其中一个小型的孤立碳酸盐台地。在该孤立台地上,马平组珊瑚生物礁和茅口组海绵生物礁呈一种滑动面的形式接触,意味着高龙孤立台地具有极为独特的生长发育历史。横穿高龙孤立台地的区域性同生断裂———八渡—那棉断裂,把高龙孤立台地分割为南北两个不同的块体,该断层的南翼和北翼形成差异极大的地层系统。该同生断裂以及与其倾向相反的滑动面的共同作用使高龙孤立台地呈现出一个"地垒"的形态。构造作用以及沉积作用等方面呈现出独特的现象,表明高龙孤立台地的生长过程可能代表了一个特别的孤立碳酸盐台地的生长发育模式。     

滇黔桂盆地及其邻区晚古生代层序地层格架及相对海平面变化

受同生断裂的控制 ,在晚古生代滇黔桂盆地及邻区形成特殊的“台—盆—丘—槽”的古地理格局 ,发育了复杂而有序的盆地充填序列。根据三级沉积层序的两大特性 ,在滇黔桂盆地及邻区的晚古生代地层中识别出 2 5个三级沉积层序 ;以地层记录中的的两种相变面和两种穿时性界面为关键 ,建立了晚古生代的区域层序地层格架。研究表明 ,地层记录中的层序界面大致可以划分为 4种类型 ,即构造不整合面、沉积不整合面、淹没不整合面以及它们的相关面 ,而且它们还可以进一步归为暴露间断面以及加深间断面两种范畴的界面。     

黔桂地区石炭系层序地层格架及海平面变化

从石炭系到下二叠统,构成一个二级层序,其底面为紫云运动主幕不整合面及其相关面,顶界面为黔桂运动不整合面及其相关面,包含6个三级层序。研究区范围内,从连陆台地到孤立台地乃至台沟背景,沉积特征明显不同,如在连陆台地上发育煤系地层并且发育较多的白云岩地层,而在孤立台地上则以大套碳酸盐岩地层为特征,台沟背景中以暗色细粒沉积为主包括台盆相和台棚相沉积。因此,三级沉积层序的相序特征形成有规律的空间变化,虽然在不同的地点三级层序的形成时限和相序组构存在差异,但它们所代表的相对海平面变化过程基本上是同步的。在前人大量的古生物学研究成果的基础上,追索各三级沉积层序界面的空间展布特征,以地层记录中的两种相变面和两种穿时性为基本要素,可以建立黔桂地区石炭系(含下二叠统)的地层层序格架。     

四川丹巴县特大型滑坡形成原因及稳定性分析

西南地区许多滑坡,位于深切峡谷地区。这些地区又是人类活动密集区。滑坡具有坡形陡、变形快、危害性大的特点。丹巴特大型滑坡就是一个典型。它位于丹巴县城南街。2004年起,滑坡就处于加速运动阶段。滑坡一旦下滑,半个丹巴县城将遭到毁灭,数千人的生命、数亿元的国家和人民财产将毁于一旦。220×104m3滑体土石一旦堵塞河道,后果不堪设想。因受滑坡影响,目前县城处于危险区内的4620余人已撤出。这已影响到丹巴人民的生活、工作、交通等各个方面。国内外对这种加速运动滑坡的治理经验很少。通过现场实际勘查对其影响因素作出了分析,稳定性计算结果被设计部门采用,并成功地应用到治理中,保住了丹巴县城。     

AEC-Ⅰ型自动排气控制仪的研制及其应用

AEC-Ⅰ型自动排气控制仪(Automatic Exhaust Control)可与真空果配套使用排除水氡观测闪烁室内的残留氡气。该仪器性能稳定、操作简单,能够对闪烁室自动按"排气-抽真空-再排气-再抽真空"顺序循环操作,还可以根据需要调节"排气-抽真空"状态的循环时间,提高排气效率,排气后的闪烁室本底达到《规范》要求,并在面板上实现了排气时间可视化。在该仪器试运行期间,对仪器的稳定性、真空时间和排气时间对排气效果的影响、仪器连续使用时间对排气效果的影响、与手动排气结果对比等方面进行测试分析,结果认为:AEC-I型自动排气控制仪控制精度高,性能稳定,对闪烁室的排气效果达到规范要求,可以作为水氡观测辅助设备用于闪烁室的排气工作。