In-Situ Observation of Fluid Mud in the North Passage of Yangtze Estuary, China

Observations of fluid mud were made in the lower North Passage of the Yangtze Estuary in February 2000, on 10 -11 August 2000, on 30 - 31 August 2000 (after two strong typhoons), on 21 - 24 August 2000 (neap tide) and on 3 -6 September 2000 (mean tide) respectively. In situ data show that the fluid mud in this area consists of fine cohesive sediment (median size 7.23 μm). The formation and movement of fluid mud varied during the neap-spring and flood-ebb tidal cycle. Observations suggest that fluid mud phenomena in this area may be categorised in a three-fold manner as slack water, storm and saltwedge features. The thickness of the fluid mud layer of slack water during the neap tide ranged from 0.2 to 0.96 m, whereas during the mean tide, the thickness ranged from 0.17 to 0.73 m, and the thickness of the fluid mud layer was larger during slack water than at the flood peak. Shoals cover an area of 800 km^2 with a water depth smaller than 5 m. Erosion of these extensive intertidal mudflats due to storm action provides an abundant sediment source. This is particularly significant in this estuary when the tidal level is lower than 5 m. The lower North Passage is a typical zone of saltwater wedging, so the saltwedge fluid mud has the most extensive spatial range in the estuary.     

基于ArcGIS的城市基础地理信息系统符号体系研究

符号表达问题一直是城市基础地理信息系统建设中的一个难点,本文研究了城市基础地理信息系统中的符号体系,提出了一种基于ArcGIS平台的GIS符号体系及符号问题的整体解决方案,一定程度上解决了GIS无法满足制图要求的问题。     

南昌多普勒雷达与713-C雷达降水回波产品对比分析初探

通过对比多普勒雷达和713-C雷达在同一时间、同一站点对降水回波的探测资料,找出它们在同类产品上的差异,对完成713-C雷达观测向多普勒雷达观测的过渡,用好多普勒雷达提供参考性意见。     

The interaction between surface water and groundwater and its effect on water quality in the Second Songhua River basin,northeast China

The relationship between surface water and groundwater not only influences the water quantity, but also affects the water quality. The stable isotopes (δD, δ ¹⁸O) and hydrochemical compositions in water samples were analysed in the Second Songhua River basin. The deep groundwater is mainly recharged from shallow groundwater in the middle and upper reaches. The shallow groundwater is discharged to rivers in the downstream. The runoff from upper reaches mainly contributed the river flow in the downstream. The CCME WQI indicated that the quality of surface water and groundwater was ‘Fair’. The mixing process between surface water and groundwater was simulated by the PHREEQC code with the results from the stable isotopes. The interaction between surface water and groundwater influences the composition of ions in the mixing water, and further affects the water quality with other factors.     

固体聚合膜电解浓集法测量天然水中低含量氚的化学淬灭效应研究

固体聚合膜电解浓集法是浓缩氚含量较低(1 Bq/m~3)的天然水样的常用方法,但因水样自身含有杂质离子或电解装置聚合膜带入杂质进入浓集液,使浓集液偏酸性,在测量过程中易产生化学淬灭效应,导致氚的测量值偏低。本文研究了水样自身存在的杂质离子和聚合膜上残留的杂质离子、样品溶液的pH值及其电导率所产生的化学淬灭效应的影响,实验表明,为减少化学淬灭效应,提高测量低含量氚的准确性,需保证水样溶液呈中性,电导率≤1μS/cm,同时避免杂质沉积在聚合膜上。如果水样溶液的pH值偏酸性、电导率大于1μS/cm,可采用酸碱混合型离子交换树脂去除水样中自身的杂质;对于聚合膜引入的杂质,可在电解后的水样中加入微量氨水将其pH值调节至中性。     

安徽凤阳山区石英岩矿成矿规律分析

凤阳山区石英岩矿床成因类型主要有沉积变质型和沉积型两种,均属层控性矿床。其中沉积变质型石英岩矿是本区主要类型矿床,赋存构造体系为老青山单斜,控矿层位为凤阳群白云山组地层,矿石类型主要为石英岩,其次是石英砂岩、含白云母石英岩等;沉积型石英岩矿赋存构造体系为雷家户-宋集单斜,控矿层位为八公山群伍山组,矿石类型主要为石英砂岩。区内发育的褶皱构造为石英岩矿体提供了广阔的赋存空间,而断裂构造的发育却对矿体分布的连续性造成了不同程度的破坏,对石英岩矿石质量也有一定的影响。     

四川巴塘夏塞花岗岩和银多金属矿床年龄及硫、铅同位素组成

为了解四川西部夏塞银多金属矿区黑云母二长花岗岩形成和矿化发生的时代及成矿物质来源,测定了该矿区绒依措和若洛隆花岗岩的Rb-Sr年龄和钾长石、黑云母及主要银矿化阶段石英的40Ar/39Ar年龄及矿石的硫、铅同位素组成.花岗岩的结晶年龄约为93 Ma,银矿化年龄约为75 Ma.矿石硫可能源于花岗岩,但不能排除源于弱沉积围岩的可能性;矿石、花岗岩和弱变质沉积围岩的铅同位素组成相似,铅主要源于上地壳,少量源于下地壳.     

四川石棉西部地区金矿床形成时代

四川石棉西部地区金矿床和矿点分布在扬子地块盖层碳酸盐岩和基底元古宙变质闪长岩以及中生代石英斑岩中的北北西和北北东走向断裂中。矿脉为含金黄铁矿-（黝铜矿）-多金属硫化物-石英脉、含金黄铁矿-石英脉和含金硅化糜陵岩等,围岩蚀变为硅化、白（绢）云母化、碳酸盐化、绿泥石化和黄铁矿化等。用40^Ar／39^Ar阶段加热法测定瓦斯沟、黄水沟、大岩房、金洞子和金台子5个金矿床蚀变白云母。4^Ar／39^Ar坪年龄分别为约22Ma、25～28Ma、20Ma、20Ma和32-34Ma,代表该地区主要金矿床的矿化蚀变时间。石棉西部地区金矿床是在渐新世和中新世早期的伸展构造背景下形成的。     

日本“3·11”海啸引起的乐清湾共振研究

本文基于TELEMAC-2D模型建立太平洋区域海啸传播模型,模拟2011年日本“3·11”海啸事件下海啸波的传播。使用实测数据对该模型进行验证,在模型验证良好的基础上分析日本“3·11”海啸事件对乐清湾的影响。通过频谱分析得到“3·11”海啸激发的乐清湾内240、180和103 min这3个主导模态的幅值及其相位。通过白噪声实验对乐清湾的固有共振特征进行估算,进一步支持了乐清湾在上述3个模态发生共振这一结论。白噪声实验还表明,海啸等海洋灾害发生时会在乐清湾湾顶及湾口处产生较大的增水,该结论对乐清湾内海洋灾害风险防范具有指导意义。     

我国海洋保护地现状、问题及发展对策

随着我国海洋经济的不断发展,沿海地区的海洋环境和生态系统面临的压力不断加剧。海洋保护地作为海洋生态环境管理的有效手段,近30年来被广泛应用于海洋生物多样性和生态系统保护,取得了显著的成就和效果。文章通过对我国海洋保护地的建设情况进行系统研究,阐述了海洋保护地的发展现状和管理体制,重点剖析了海洋保护地管理和建设过程中面临的缺乏顶层设计、管理能力和管护条件弱、管理人才和资金少、空间发展不平衡等问题,在建设以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系的新形势下,为我国海洋保护地的发展提出了健全海洋保护地管理制度体系、构建海洋保护地网络体系、加强海洋保护地管理能力建设和加强海洋保护地宣传教育等对策建议。