波浪作用下海床动力反应的数值分析

近海和离岸建筑物的基通常处于连续不断的小风浪作用之下，可将其变形视为弹性。基于二维广义Biot理论，提出了线性或非线性波浪作用下饱和弹性海床动力应应的时域有限元数值解法。静力平衡条件和Biot方程组成的边值方程可视为其特例，在比较算例中，数值计算得到的孔压和有效应力幅值沿海床深度的分布与解析解十分吻合。土骨架和孔隙流体的加速度对海床动力反应的影响很小。具体算例表明，线性波沿缓坡海床传播时，土层中超静孔压和有效应力幅值随之增大，有可能发生滑动坡坏。所提出的数值解法能够灵活地处理非线性波浪荷载，海底复杂地质条件和波浪沿缓坡传播等复杂情况。     

Bottom Simulating Reflector and Gas Seepage in Okinawa Trough： Evidence of Gas Hydrate in an Active Back-Arc Basin

To look for gas hydrate, 22 multi-channel and 3 single-channel seismic lines on the East China Sea (ECS) shelf slope and at the bottom of the Okinawa Trough were examined. It was found that there was indeed bottom simulating reflector (BSR) occurrence, but it is very rare. Besides several BSRs, a gas seepage was also found. As shown by the data, both the BSR and gas seepage are all related with local geological structures, such as mud diapir, anticline, and fault-controlled graben-like structure. However, similar structural "anomalies" are quite common in the tectonically very active Okinawa Trough region, but very few of them have developed BSR or gas seepage. The article points out that the main reason is probably the low concentration of organic carbon of the sediment in this area. It was speculated that the rare occurrence of gas hydrates in this region is governed by structure-controlled fluid flow. Numerous faults and fractures form a network of high-permeability channels in the sediment and highly fractured igneous basement to allow fluid circulation and ventilation. Fluid flow in this tectonic environment is driven primarily by thermal buoyancy and takes place on a wide range of spatial scales. The fluid flow may play two roles to facilitate hydrate formation:to help gather enough methane into a small area and to modulate the thermal regime.     

东海陆坡及邻近槽底天然气水合物成藏条件分析及前景

在西太平洋边缘海中,东海是唯一没有获得天然气水合物样品的边缘海。利用已有的地震资料、海底温度资料等,从沉积物来源、沉积地层厚度、烃源岩条件、沉积速率、海底温度—压力条件等方面对东海水合物成藏条件进行了分析。认为冲绳海槽沉积物源丰富,沉积厚度大,且发育烃源岩地层。冲绳海槽较高的沉积速率主要分布于冲绳海槽槽底沉积中心,以及西部陆坡连接海底峡谷底部的三角洲区域。根据冲绳海槽实测的海底温度数据,整个冲绳海槽地区600m以深的范围都能够满足水合物发育的温度、压力条件。以温度梯度为30℃/km计算,冲绳海槽中水合物稳定域的最大厚度为650m。冲绳海槽盆地中普遍发育的底辟构造、背斜构造等局部构造,以及网格状断裂系统,为烃类气流体的向上及侧向运移创造了有利条件,成为天然气水合物发育的有利区带。根据已经发现的BSR特征来看,东海地区天然气水合物前景广阔。     

岩浆驱动破裂的形态研究

轴地壳岩浆房是活动扩张中心海洋地壳结构的一个重要组成部分，轴地壳岩浆房通过深部岩浆源的补充，内部岩浆的同化熔融、结晶分异等岩浆房过程，其中的岩浆会破裂上覆的岩石层形成岩浆破裂，并沿岩浆破裂继续向上迁移。本文建立了岩浆迁移的层流模型，从理论上对岩浆迁移问题进行了探讨，并将遗传算法引入到该问题中来，用遗传算法求解了描述岩浆驱动破裂传播的积分方程。如果假设岩浆破裂在远离破裂末梢处的权限宽度为1M，则靠近末梢，破裂的宽度逐渐加大，在末梢处宽度为2m左右。并根据文献对岩浆流体的一些观测参数计算得出，岩浆破裂权限宽度不会很大，一般在1m左右的量级。     

孟加拉湾海表盐度变化特征的卫星遥感应用研究

本文利用2011年8月至2014年3月Aquarius卫星盐度产品结合Argo等实测盐度资料,探讨了孟加拉湾海表盐度的季节及年际变化特征。结果显示,Aquarius与Argo盐度呈显著线性正相关,总体较Argo盐度值低,偏差为-0.13,其中在孟加拉湾北部海域负偏差值比南部海域更大,分别为-0.28和-0.10。Aquarius卫星与Argo浮标在表层盐度观测深度上的差别是造成此系统偏差的主因。Aquarius盐度资料清晰显示了孟加拉湾海表盐度具有明显的季节变化特征,包括阿拉伯海高盐水的入侵引起湾南部海域盐度的变化以及湾北部淡水羽分布范围的季节性迁移等主要特征。此外,分析还揭示了2011(2012)年春季整个湾内出现异常高盐(低盐)现象。研究表明,2010(2011)年湾北部夏季降雨减少(增加)导致该海域海水盐度偏高(偏低),并通过表层环流向南输运引起次年春季湾内表层盐度出现异常高盐(低盐)现象,春季风应力旋度正(负)距平通过影响盐度垂直混合过程对同期表层盐度异常高盐(低盐)变化也有影响。     

Growth performance of larval and juvenile manila clam (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ruditapes philippinarum</Emphasis>) from divergently selected individuals of a full-sib family

In this study, the method of divergent selection was employed to test the larval and juvenile growth performance within a full-sib family of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. The 10% largest and 10% smallest clam individuals (on the basis of shell length) of a full-sib family were selected as parents for the fast and slow growing lines, respectively. The difference in shell length was significant among the three lines (fast, control, and slow) tested. The sequence of shell length were fast line > control line > slow line. The responses to selection, realized heritability, and genetic gain were 0.06%–0.81%, 0.04%–0.47% and 0.58%–18.89% in the fast direction, respectively; and were 0.14%–1.27%, 0.08%–0.73%, and 0.31%–49.03% in the slow direction, respectively. The results suggested that there was a large portion of additive genetic variance affecting the growth in the full-sib family. Selection in the fast direction within the full-sib family would greatly improve the growth of R. philippinarum.     

矿业权边界在资源储量估算垂直纵投影图上的确定

利用垂直纵投影图进行资源储量估算时,当矿体走向与矿业权边界斜交时,矿业权边界在资源储量垂直纵投影图上投影的准确位置较难确定。该文介绍了利用不同中段平面图和利用计算公式确定矿业权边界在资源储量垂直纵投影图上的投影位置,对解决此类问题具有一定的参考价值。     

渝东北城口地区Y1井页岩有机地球化学特征及勘探前景

基于钻井资料,以总有机碳(TOC)、干酪根显微组分、等效镜质体反射率(Ro)及碳同位素等测试数据系统分析了渝东北城口地区Y1井五峰组—龙马溪组页岩的有机地球化学特征,利用页岩流体包裹体的显微特征、均一温度及激光拉曼数据深入分析了Y1井页岩气成藏特征。结果表明:Y1井上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组炭质页岩发育,TOC含量2%的富含有机质页岩厚度达83 m,干酪根类型以Ⅰ型干酪根为主,处于湿气生烃阶段。页岩裂缝脉体中大量烃包裹体和富含甲烷气体的含烃盐水包裹体证实城口地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩发生了充足页岩气供给,具有高均一温度、高盐度的伴生盐水包裹体表明城口地区页岩气成藏时期的保存条件良好。这些Y1井页岩有机地球化学特征研究成果揭示了城口地区下古生界具备良好的页岩气勘探前景。     

内蒙古曹四夭钼矿区花岗斑岩地球化学特征及地质意义

曹四夭钼矿床位于华北克拉通北缘凉城断隆东侧,其矿化与多期次侵位的花岗质杂岩体具有密切的时间和空间联系。杂岩体的岩石类型包括:少斑状花岗斑岩、多斑状花岗斑岩、中细粒花岗岩、二长花岗斑岩和正长花岗斑岩等;前人的锆石U-Pb法测年数据表明,矿区岩浆活动可以分为155 Ma、149~140 Ma、134~131 Ma三个期次。本次研究获得矿区少斑状花岗斑岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb法测年加权平均年龄为167Ma±1.2Ma,反映矿区可能还存在较早期的岩浆活动(中-晚侏罗世),其可与155 Ma岩浆岩划分为矿区早期的岩浆活动。花岗斑岩体具有高酸度、高钾和高铝质含量特征,总体属于酸性富钾钙碱性系列;花岗斑岩体含铝指数(A/CNK)介于1.20~2.49之间,Tb、Nd、Ga和LREE(Eu除外)富集,Eu、Ti、Sr、P亏损,属于高度分异的A型花岗岩系列。曹四夭花岗斑岩体形成于中-晚侏罗世构造机制转化时期,可能与蒙古-鄂霍次克洋闭合后的后造山伸展有关,为晚侏罗世钼多金属矿化的母岩。