Gelbstoff — the interfering yellow substance in the cholorophyll remote sensing

The development of remote sensing technology in the recent past and the consequent synoptic coverage of earth elements have made it possible to attempt to understand large scale ocean processes. The mapping of chlorophyll distribution and infering.at the resourcefulness of coastal waters are among the new areas of the beginning. But, a biogenic yellow substance in the coastal waters, which has some overlapping optical properties with phytoplankton chlorophyll, interferes in the process of developing and applying the algorithms to remote sensed data while estimating the concentration of the latter. This paper makes an overview of the properties of yellow substance while indicating the importance of its study in Indian waters.     

Changing levels of disparity in material well being: highlighting rural urban differentials in West Bengal,India

This study assesses the disparity in the level of material wellbeing between the rural and urban areas of various districts of West Bengal. To measure the level of material wellbeing three broad domains comprising of Housing index (HI), Basic Amenities Index (BAI) and Asset Index (AI) following which a composite index (Material Wellbeing Indexi.e. MWI) was computed for the urban and the rural areas for all the districts between the time frame of 2001–2011. A set of 14 sub-indicators were selected for the analysis. This paper takes into account the differentials between the urban and the rural areas of the state. The data was subjected to correlation analysis, ANOVA and PCA, intra-zonal analysis was also performed. The results show the presence of widespread levels of disparity between the various districts as well as within the districts. Over the course of the years this disparity has increased in case of the northern zone however intra and inter zonal disparity runs high. Among the different sub-indicators, BAI has recorded the highest decrease in the differentials whereas the AI has recorded the highest increase in the differentials. Among the districts eight of them have recorded a net increase in the differentials in MWI among which Maldah has recorded the highest decrease in the differentials whereas Dakshin Dinajpur has recorded the highest increase in the differentials.