PMODTRAN: a parallel implementation based on MODTRAN for massive remote sensing data processing

MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission (MODTRAN) is a commercial remote sensing (RS) software package that has been widely used to simulate radiative transfer of electromagnetic radiation through the Earth's atmosphere and the radiation observed by a remote sensor. However, when very large RS datasets must be processed in simulation applications at a global scale, it is extremely time-consuming to operate MODTRAN on a modern workstation. Under this circumstance, the use of parallel cluster computing to speed up the process becomes vital to this time-consuming task. This paper presents PMODTRAN, an implementation of a parallel task-scheduling algorithm based on MODTRAN. PMODTRAN was able to reduce the processing time of the test cases used here from over 4.4 months on a workstation to less than a week on a local computer cluster. In addition, PMODTRAN can distribute tasks with different levels of granularity and has some extra features, such as dynamic load balancing and parameter checking.     

Integrating ASTER and GLASS broadband emissivity products using a multi-resolution Kalman filter

In this study, the multi-resolution Kalman filter (MKF) algorithm, which can handle multi-resolution problems with high computational efficiency, was used to blend two emissivity products: the Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) (BBE) product and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) narrowband emissivity (NBE) product. The ASTER NBE product was first converted into a BBE product. A new detrending method was used to transfer the BBEs into a process suitable for the MKF. The new detrending method was superior to the two existing methods. Finally, both the de-trended GLASS and ASTER BBE products were incorporated into the MKF framework to obtain the optimal estimation at each scale. Field measurements collected in North America were used to validate the integrated BBEs. Visually, the fusion map showed good continuity, with the exception of the border areas, and the quality of the fusion map was better than that of the original maps. The validation results indicate that the MKF improved the BBE product accuracy at the coarse scale. In addition, the MKF was capable of recovering missing pixels at a finer scale.     

全球气候数据集生成及气候变化应用研究

科技部在"十三五"期间部署的国家重点研发计划"全球变化及应对"专项资助了"全球气候数据集生成及气候变化关键过程和要素监测"研究项目。项目围绕由全球气候观测系统提出的基本气候变量,完善地空天基观测体系,生成中国首套以遥感数据为主体的涵盖大气、海洋和陆表长时间序列、高精度、高时空一致性的产品,即气候数据集,动态监测全球变化关键过程和要素。     

Application of ensemble kalman filter to geophysical parameters retrieval in remote sensing:A case study of kernel-driven BRDF model inversion

Remote sensing can provide multi-spatial resolution, multi-temporal resolution multi-spectral band and multi-angular data for the observation of land surface. At present, one of research focuses is how to make the best of these data to retrieve geophysical parameters in conjunction with their a priori knowledge and simul-taneously consider the influence of data uncertainties on inversion results[1-5]. The essence of remote sensing lies in inversion. It is difficult to precisely retrieve parame…     

安徽五河地区河口铅金矿成矿地质条件及成矿模式

矿床地质特征及成矿条件分析是同地区寻找同类矿床的重要手段。在总结前人研究成果的基础上,对安徽五河河口铅金矿的矿床地质特征、成矿条件、控矿因素和成矿模式进行详细讨论,认为太古宇变质基底既是该矿床的赋矿层位,又是原始矿源岩系;主要控矿因素为断裂构造,尤其是北北东—北东向和南北向断裂。推测其成矿模式为地壳物质经深部熔融、重融作用形成高温混合花岗状岩浆熔融体,侵入到地壳上层岩石,在结晶过程中,富集的气化高温初始混合岩浆上升到已冷凝或亚凝固的花岗状岩石,发生碱交代作用,导致已固化岩石中的成矿组分浸出,伴随再平衡岩浆充填交代成矿。研究结果可供五河地区寻找同类矿床参考。     

郯庐断裂带南段继承性断裂构造控矿模式研究及其应用效果——以皖东北五河金矿整装勘查为例

郯庐断裂带南段的皖东北地区地质构造复杂,多为厚覆盖区,找矿难度大。由于控矿条件难以调查清楚,缺乏具有区域特色的勘查理论指导,区内金矿勘查长期没有取得突破成果。笔者依托五河金矿整装勘查项目,进行了区域重磁异常特征和成矿规律分析研究,发现皖东北地区北东- 北北东向重力低异常具有弧形条带特征,并以郯庐断裂带为界,大致具有旋转对称性。重磁异常保存印支期构造格架痕迹信息,反映了郯庐断裂带南段时空演化特征,显示了北东- 北北东向主要断裂构造具有继承性,形成于印支期,燕山期继续活动,控制白垩纪“红层盆地”和燕山期成岩成矿作用。中低温热液型金多金属矿床和矽卡岩型铜金矿床是皖东北地区主要矿床类型,均受继承性断裂构造控制。结合郯庐断裂的演化特征,利用物探成果引领地质理论创新,提出了郯庐断裂带南段矿床的“继承性断裂构造控矿模式”。根据继承性断裂构造形成机理分析其空间分布规律,总结了矿化蚀变构造带的物探异常标志,解决了皖东北覆盖区成矿预测与找矿靶区圈定难题,在五河金矿整装勘查区应用取得了重要找矿成果,圈定6个金矿找矿靶区,得到了钻探验证,已发现中型规模金矿床2处、小型3处,估算潜在资源量可达特大型规模,实现了安徽省境内郯庐断裂带金矿找矿的重大突破。     

Monitoring global land surface drought based on a hybrid evapotranspiration model

The latent heat of evapotranspiration (ET) plays an important role in the assessment of drought severity as one sensitive indicator of land drought status. A simple and accurate method of estimating global ET for the monitoring of global land surface droughts from remote sensing data is essential. The objective of this research is to develop a hybrid ET model by introducing empirical coefficients based on a simple linear two-source land ET model, and to then use this model to calculate the Evaporative Drought Index (EDI) based on the actual estimated ET and the potential ET in order to characterize global surface drought conditions. This is done using the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) products, AVHRR-NDVI products from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) group, and National Centers for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis-2 (NCEP-2) datasets. We randomly divided 22 flux towers into two groups and performed a series of cross-validations using ground measurements collected from the corresponding flux towers. The validation results from the second group of flux towers using the data from the first group for calibration show that the daily bias varies from −6.72 W/m² to 12.95 W/m² and the average monthly bias is −1.73 W/m². Similarly, the validation results of the first group of flux towers using data from second group for calibration show that the daily bias varies from −12.91 W/m² to 10.26 W/m² and the average monthly bias is −3.59 W/m². To evaluate the reliability of the hybrid ET model on a global scale, we compared the estimated ET from the GEWEX, AVHRR-GIMMS-NDVI, and NECP-2 datasets with the latent heat flux from the Global Soil Wetness Project-2 (GSWP-2) datasets. We found both of them to be in good agreement, which further supports the validity of our model's global ET estimation. Significantly, the patterns of monthly EDI anomalies have a good spatial and temporal correlation with the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) anomalies from January 1984 to December 2002, which indicates that the method can be used to accurately monitor long-term global land surface drought.     

基于典型物候特征的MODIS-EVI时间序列数据 农作物种植面积提取方法 —小区域冬小麦实验研究

利用MODIS植被指数时间序列这一特性,以北京市通州及周边为实验区,冬小麦种植面积为研究对象,提出 了农作物种植面积指数模型(Pan-CPI模型)的概念,并构造了冬小麦特征物候期植被指数与种植面积的定量函数关系, 通过样区TM影像求解关键参数,对研究区冬小麦种植面积测量方法进行了试验研究。研究结果表明：(1)Pan-CPI模 型能够很好地反映特定目标农作物种植面积状况,为基于植被指数时间序列影像识别农作物种植面积提供了新方法; (2)精度分析结果表明：Pan-CPI模型具有很高的稳定性,且不受样本变化的影响,只要达到满足模型计算的样本量(如： 5%),多次测量结果间具有很好的一致性。选取MODIS 6×6像元大小的窗口时,TM样本的复相关系数(R2)稳定在0.85 左右,与TM结果比较,窗口相对精度稳定在95%左右,区域精度稳定在92%以上,经调整的区域精度高达96%以上; (3)对于种植结构复杂、目标作物种植破碎的地区,Pan-CPI模型可以充分利用MODIS植被指数时间序列的优势,有效改 善TM单时相和多时相提取信息因时相缺失无法表征作物变化的不足。     

采用DBM方法的时间序列LAI建模与估算

运用DBM(Data Based Mechanistic)方法,使用MODIS数据,建立了遥感观测反射率数据与叶面积指数(LAI)在时间序列上的统计关系模型(LAI_DBM模型),并结合部分Bigfoot站点实测LAI数据进行了模型检验。结果显示,LAI_DBM模型能够较好表达时间序列反射率与LAI的动态变化关系。LAI_DBM模型使用遥感观测数据实时估算得到的LAI,在数据质量和时间连续性上比MODISLAI有改进。     

1989年3月13日磁暴的亚极光区电离层效应

利用南极长城站（６２°１３′Ｓ，５８°５８′Ｗ）频高图和磁照图研究了１９８９年３月１３日磁暴的亚极光区电离层效应。在紧接着磁暴急始后Ｆ层的虚高ｈ′Ｆ急剧上升，临频ｆ０Ｆ２急剧下降，然后出现扩展Ｆ并持续几小时。在磁暴主相，电离层出现严重的吸收，但有时仍能观测到ｈ′Ｆ的增加和伴随着的ｆ０Ｆ２的降低。在磁暴急始后的第二和第三个晚上观测到极光型Ｅｓ和夜间Ｅ层，其峰值电子浓度高达７．５×１０５ｅｌ／ｃｍ３，文中讨论了造成这些现象的原因。在同一经度扇区的４个电离层站的ｈ′Ｆ和ｆ０Ｆ２的行为表明，观测站的纬度越高出现的吸收越严重，ｆ０Ｆ２呈下降的时间越长。