Development and Extension of Seawater Desalination by Reverse Osmosis

Seawater desalination has been people‘s fond dream since ancient times,the dream is now becoming a reality.This paper presents a brief development history of reverse osmosis.Much attention was paid to innovative development in mebranes,modules.equipments and applied technology,including asymmetric and composite membranes,spiral-wound element and hollow fiber module,energy recovery equipments and different technological processes.The extension of reverse osmosis,such as desalination,pre-concentration,integrated processes and nanofiltration,is also briefly mentioned.     

Subunit composition and chromophore content of R-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin from Porphyra haitanensis

ＳｕｂｕｎｉｔｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎａｎｄｃｈｒｏｍｏｐｈｏｒｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｏｆＲ－ｐｈｙｃｏｃｙａｎｉｎａｎｄａｌｌｏｐｈｙｃｏｃｙａｎｉｎｆｒｏｍＰｏｒｐｈｙｒａｈａｉｔａｎｅｎｓｉｓ￥ＧａｏＨｏｎｇｆｅｎｇ；ＣａｏＷｅｎｄａａｎｄＪｉＭｉｎｇ...     

病毒膜蛋白及其表达和纯化技术的研究进展

病毒囊膜是包膜病毒除核衣壳外的另一主要成分。它主要由多种蛋白质构成，称为膜蛋白，膜蛋白以单聚体，二聚体，三聚体，甚至更多的聚合体的形式存在，具有中和抗体，与靶细胞受体结合，凝集红细胞，诱导细胞融合等多种功能，膜蛋白可采用将其基因整合入载体，并在昆虫细胞，哺乳细胞或细菌中获得体外表达，膜蛋白可在去污剂的作用下形成蛋白质－脂－去污剂的复合物而被溶解，其中去污剂的临界微团浓度，亲水物－亲脂物平衡值，荷电、紫外穿透性等是选择合适去污剂的主要参考因子，溶解后的膜蛋白多利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、凝胶过滤层析，离子交换层析，亲和层析，高效液相层析等技术并结合梯度离心；分级沉淀等进行分离、纯化。     

中国海岸风成沙ESR测年的研究

介绍ＥＳＲ测年的基本原理，并讨论风成沙Ｇｅ心测年的可行性、风成沙Ｅ＇心的特征、测年误差及可靠性等问题。１９９２－１９９３年在渤、黄、东、南海沿岸采集的１００余个风成沙样品ＥＳＲ测年实验表明，绝大部分海岸风成沙的年龄为１－７万年。     

大冶铁矿国家矿山公园规划实践

大冶铁矿的开发利用在为我国的钢铁事业作出巨大贡献的同时,也给矿区的地表环境、森林资源带来了很大的破坏。矿山公园的规划实施可极大地改善矿山环境,为矿山的可持续发展提供较好的途径。     

Evolution from Oceanic Subduction to Continental Collision: a Case Study from the Northern Tibetan Plateau Based on Geochemical and Geochronological Data

Two apparently distinct, sub-parallel, paleo-subduction zonescan be recognized along the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau:the North Qilian Suture Zone (oceanic-type) with ophioliticmélanges and high-pressure eclogites and blueschistsin the north, and the North Qaidam Belt (continental-type) inthe south, an ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane comprisingpelitic and granitic gneisses, eclogites and garnet peridotites.Eclogites from both belts have protoliths broadly similar tomid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) or oceanic island basalts (OIB)in composition with overlapping metamorphic ages (480–440Ma, with weighted mean ages of 464 ± 6 Ma for North Qilianand 457 ± 7 Ma for North Qaidam), determined by zirconU–Pb sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe dating.Coesite-bearing zircon grains in pelitic gneisses from the NorthQaidam UHP Belt yield a peak metamorphic age of 423 ±6 Ma, 40 Myr younger than the age of eclogite formation, anda retrograde age of 403 ± 9 Ma. These data, combinedwith regional relationships, allow us to infer that these twoparallel belts may represent an evolutionary sequence from oceanicsubduction to continental collision, and continental underthrusting,to final exhumation. The Qilian–Qaidam Craton was probablya fragment of the Rodinia supercontinent with a passive marginand extended oceanic lithosphere in the north, which was subductedbeneath the North China Craton to depths >100 km at c. 423Ma and exhumed at c. 403 Ma (zircon rim ages in pelitic gneiss). KEY WORDS: HP and UHP rocks; subduction belts; zircon SHRIMP ages; Northern Tibetan Plateau     

2004年夏季哈尔滨 5次短时强降水天气过程的对比分析

2004年夏季, 哈尔滨在 40d中发生了 5次短时强降水灾害,城市内涝严重,部分交通干线瘫痪.短时强降水天气多发生于中小尺度天气系统,空间尺度小,生命史短,预报难度大.虽然前人在此方面已做过大量工作,但在干旱的气候背景下,为什么频繁发生短时强降水天气,它们的共同特征是什么？本文从环流条件、卫星云图、多普勒雷达回波以及物理量场进行分析,对上述问题进行了探讨.     

Physical properties of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Sulu terrain, eastern central China: implications for the seismic structure at the Donghai (CCSD) drilling site

About 30 samples representing major lithologies of Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks were collected from surface exposures and exploration wells, and compressional (Vp) and shear wave (Vs) velocities and their directional dependence (anisotropy) were determined over a range of constant confining pressures up to 600 MPa and temperatures ranging from 20 to 600 °C. Samples range in composition from acidic to ultramafic. P- and S-wave velocities measured at 600 MPa vary from 5.08 to 8.64 km/s and 2.34 to 4.93 km/s, respectively. Densities are in the range from 2.60 to 3.68 g/cm³. To make a direct tie between seismic measurements (refraction and reflection) and subsurface lithologies, the experimental velocity data (corresponding to shallow depths) were used to calculate velocity profiles for the different lithologies and profiles of reflection coefficients at possible lithologic interfaces across the projected 5000-m Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CCSD) crustal segment. Comparison of calculated in situ velocities with respective intrinsic velocities suggests that the in situ velocities at shallow depths are lowered by an increased abundance of open microcracks. The strongly reflective zone beneath the Donghai drill site can be explained by the impedance contrasts between the different lithologies. Contacts between eclogite/peridotite and felsic rocks (gt-gneiss, granitic gneiss), in particular, may give rise to strong seismic reflections. In addition, shear-induced (lattice preferred orientation (LPO)-related) seismic anisotropy can increase reflectivity. For the explanation of the high velocity bodies (>6.4 km/s) around 1000 m and below 3200-m depth, large proportions of eclogite/peridotite (about 40 and 30 vol.%, respectively) are needed.