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本文根据灾害威胁的范围不同,提出了自然灾害与技术灾害在不同的社会时期和不同性质的国家的分布与造成的影响不同的观点,进而从灾害研究的历史中分析自然灾害与技术灾害的内在联系以及人们对灾害研究的观念与方法的历史变革。在上述基础上,重点阐述了灾害评估的基本概念、灾害评估的内容和程序以及灾害管理的过程与方法。 相似文献
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用野外露头剖面、钻井剖面和地震剖面相结合的综合研究方法,首先用人工合成记录结合11口井的VSP资料,对鄂尔多斯下古生界进行层位标定。在此基础上,对鄂尔多斯全区下古生界371条共长15 683 km的地震剖面进行了重新处理和地层解释,这大大提高了解释精度。以此为基础,把鄂尔多斯下古生界划分为5个地层单位,即寒武系中下部、寒武系中上部及冶里组和亮甲山组、马家沟群下部、马家沟群上部、平凉组和背锅山组,并作出了它们的等厚图。从这些等厚图可以看出:前4个地质时期的古构造格局为“一隆三凹”,即西缘凹陷、南缘凹陷和东缘凹陷(或东部凹陷)呈“U”形从西南东三面包围着一个中部隆起。最后一个地质时期的古构造格局为“一隆二凹”,即西缘凹陷和南缘凹陷呈“L”形镶嵌在一个巨大的鄂尔多斯隆起的西缘和南缘。到奥陶纪末,鄂尔多斯全区以及整个华北地台均变为隆起区,从而结束了鄂尔多斯隆起和凹陷并存的历史。 相似文献
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Korzennik SG Brown TM Fischer DA Nisenson P Noyes RW 《The Astrophysical journal》2000,534(2):L147-L150
We present deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging, as well as ground-based imaging and spectroscopy, of the optical afterglow associated with the long-duration gamma-ray burst GRB 990712 and its host galaxy. The data were obtained 48-123 days after the burst occurred. The magnitudes of the host (R=21.9, V=22.5) and optical afterglow (R=25.4, V=25.8, 47.7 days after the burst) favor a scenario in which the optical light follows a pure power-law decay with an index of alpha approximately -1.0. We find no evidence for a contribution from a supernova like SN 1998bw. This suggests that either there are multiple classes of long-duration gamma-ray bursts or that the peak luminosity of the supernova was more than 1.5 mag fainter than SN 1998bw. The HST images and EFOSC2 spectra indicate that the gamma-ray burst was located in a bright, extended feature (possibly a star-forming region) 1.4 kpc from the nucleus of a 0.2L*B galaxy at z=0.434, possibly a Seyfert 2 galaxy. The late-time afterglow and host galaxy of GRB 990712 bear some resemblance to those of GRB 970508. 相似文献
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Krahn MM Hanson MB Baird RW Boyer RH Burrows DG Emmons CK Ford JK Jones LL Noren DP Ross PS Schorr GS Collier TK 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(12):1903-1911
“Southern Resident” killer whales include three “pods” (J, K and L) that reside primarily in Puget Sound/Georgia Basin during the spring, summer and fall. This population was listed as “endangered” in the US and Canada following a 20% decline between 1996 and 2001. The current study, using blubber/epidermis biopsy samples, contributes contemporary information about potential factors (i.e., levels of pollutants or changes in diet) that could adversely affect Southern Residents. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes indicated J- and L-pod consumed prey from similar trophic levels in 2004/2006 and also showed no evidence for a large shift in the trophic level of prey consumed by L-pod between 1996 and 2004/2006. ∑PCBs decreased for Southern Residents biopsied in 2004/2006 compared to 1993–1995. Surprisingly, however, a three-year-old male whale (J39) had the highest concentrations of ∑PBDEs, ∑HCHs and HCB. POP ratio differences between J- and L-pod suggested that they occupy different ranges in winter. 相似文献