高能偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪应用现状和进展

对高能偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪基本特点及其用于环境、生物、地质样品中痕量元素的分析和RoSH检测等领域的应用现状予以介绍,并对二次靶与滤光片在痕量元素分析中的应用作了探讨。     

人工神经网络与分析测试技术的研究与发展

回顾了人工神经网络研究的发展历程，简要介绍了神经网络模型与算法，对分析测试技术和相关学科中的人工神经网络研究及在流程控制、错误诊断、参数估计、传感器模型、模式识别与分类、环境监测与治理及光谱与化学分析中的应用等作了评述。引用参考文献１１３篇。     

孙吴-嘉荫盆地东部太平林场组沉积相及烃源岩特征

上白垩统太平林场组是孙吴-嘉荫盆地油气勘探重点层位. 通过野外详细的观测描述, 对盆地东部太平林场组剖面进行了沉积学研究. 结果表明太平林场组发育的沉积相类型为湖泊相和扇三角洲相, 可进一步划分出3种沉积亚相和6种沉积微相. 应用多种有机地球化学测试方法对太平林场组剖面泥页岩岩石学和有机地球化学特征进行分析, 结果显示泥页岩矿物成分以石英为主, 属于长英质泥页岩类; 显微组分以腐泥组为主, 具有倾油性; 烃源岩为中等-好烃源岩, 有机质类型为Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2型, 处于低成熟-成熟阶段. 表明太平林场组烃源岩具有较好的生烃潜力. 研究结果可为盆地后续深入研究和油气勘探提供基础资料.     

密县盆地裂隙岩溶水资源评价

本文运用水均衡方法,对密县盆地地下岩溶水资源及允许开采量等进行了分析。并利用地下水长观资料及水文地质资料,对其水文地质参数进行了计算。在此基础上,建立了裂隙岩溶水数学模型,同时用有限单元法对地下水资源进行了进一步评价,得出了较为满意的结果。      

Comparisons between the influences of habitat, body size and season on the dietary composition of the sparid Acanthopagrus latus in a large marine embayment

Seasonal samples from Shark Bay on the west coast of Australia were used to determine (1) the habitats occupied by the juveniles and adults of Acanthopagrus latus in this large subtropical marine embayment and (2) the extent to which the dietary composition of this sparid is influenced by habitat type, body length and season. Sampling was undertaken in two habitat types in which A. latus was known to be abundant, namely mangrove (Avicennia marina) creeks and nearby rocky areas, the latter comprising sandstone boulders and/or limestone reefs. The mean total length ±95% CLs of A. latus was far lower in mangrove creeks, 126 ± 6.1 mm, than in rocky areas, 313 ± 4.7 mm. As A. latus attains maturity at ca. 245 mm, the juveniles of this species typically occupy mangrove areas and then, with increasing body size, move to nearshore rocky areas, where they become adults. The species composition of the food ingested by juvenile A. latus in mangrove creeks differed markedly from that of large juveniles and adults in rocky areas. Based on analyses of data for both habitat types combined, this difference was far greater than that between size classes and season, which was negligible. There were indications, however, that, overall within each habitat, the dietary composition did change seasonally, although not with body size. Acanthopagrus latus fed predominantly on mangrove material, sesarmid crabs and small gastropods in mangrove habitats, and mainly on Brachidontes ustulatus in rocky areas, where this mytilid bivalve is very abundant. The mangrove material, which contributed nearly 40% of its overall dietary volume in mangrove creeks, consisted mainly of lateral root primordia. This apparently unique food source for a teleost is presumably ingested through subsurface nipping, which would be facilitated by the mouth and dentitional characteristics of sparids. The almost total lack of correspondence in the dietary compositions of fish in the length class that was well represented in both mangrove and rocky areas illustrates the extent to which this sparid is capable of opportunistic feeding behaviour.     

边坡加固的抗震性能参数分析

传统基于瑞典法的边坡加固抗震性能参数分析,通过建立强度参数与临界滑动面对应关系完成推导,由于因荷载过大,边坡建筑物抗震性能降低,准确率不高等问题,提出新的边坡加固抗震性能参数分析方法,对边坡加固的抗震性能参数进行分析,更好地通过加固提高其抗震性能。运用新型边坡加固抗震性能参数分析方法,采用基于极向条分的极限分析上限法和非线性Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则,分析边坡加固措施对边坡抗震性能的影响,通过对比有、无加固措施状态下不同能量功率的运算确定边坡抗震性能,利用MATLAB软件获取边坡加固抗震性能参数的最优解。经实验证明,边坡潜在破坏范围受边坡坡顶受荷和边坡加固情况的作用较大,地震荷载系数及非线性系数越大,土体强度非线性越小,边坡抗震性能受地震荷载的作用也越大。边坡抗滑桩最优抗震支护方位位于X_F/L_x=0.7处,在地震荷载从0上升至0.2的情况下,非线性系数为1.2、1.4、1.6以及2.0时的边坡抗震性能分别下降了40.1%、46.8%、57.5%以及61.5%。新型的抗震性能参数分析方法有效地提高了结果准确率,对边坡加固的抗震性能能达到准确分析。     

Solomon Sea circulation and water mass modifications: response at ENSO timescales

The South Pacific low latitude western boundary currents (LLWBCs) carry waters of subtropical origin through the Solomon Sea before joining the equatorial Pacific. Changes in their properties or transport are assumed to impact El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics. At ENSO timescales, the LLWBCs transport tends to counterbalance the interior geostrophic one. When transiting through the complex geography of the Solomon Sea, the main LLWBC, the New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent, cannot follow a unique simple route to the equator. Instead, its routes and water mass properties are influenced by the circulation occurring in the Solomon Sea. In this study, the response of the Solomon Sea circulation to ENSO is investigated based on a numerical simulation. The transport anomalies entering the Solomon Sea from the south are confined to the top 250 m of the water column, where they represent 7.5 Sv (based on ENSO composites) for a mean transport of 10 Sv. The induced circulation anomalies in the Solomon Sea are not symmetric between the two ENSO states because of (1) a bathymetric control at Vitiaz Strait, which plays a stronger role during El Niño, and (2) an additional inflow through Solomon Strait during La Niña events. In terms of temperature and salinity, modifications are particularly notable for the thermocline water during El Niño conditions, with cooler and fresher waters compared to the climatological mean. The surface water at Vitiaz Strait and the upper thermocline water at Solomon Strait, feeding respectively the equatorial Pacific warm pool and the Equatorial Undercurrent, particularly affect the heat and salt fluxes. These fluxes can change by up to a factor of 2 between extreme El Niño and La Niña conditions.     

胶州湾东岸滩涂环境的遥感监测

利用低潮位陆地卫星TM影像对胶州湾东岸碱厂白水分布与扩散进行监测。对研究区的子区影像在ENVI中进行增强、变换处理，提取白水、白泥分布与扩散信息，制作大比例尺影像地图，在GIS软件中计算其面积。结合实地验证和历史数据，分析表明，该污染源10多年来面积扩大了4倍，     

香港西贡滨珊瑚REE的地球化学特征及其与海平面变化的关系

用ICP-MS技术测定了位于珠江口西岸香港西贡滨珊瑚在1991～2002年(分辨率达到0.5a)的稀土元素(REE)含量。实验结果显示香港滨珊瑚REE具有Ce负异常、重稀土富集这种典型的海水相分布模式。香港滨珊瑚中REE含量处于目前已见报道中的高值范围,与巴布亚新几内亚珊瑚的REE含量相当。通过与不同地区的比较,香港珊瑚高REE含量很可能就是毗邻的珠江水体高REE的直接反映,而且同南海北缘半封闭边缘海的性质有关。香港珊瑚REE的来源主要为珠江口及其相邻的陆缘沉积物。此外,1991～2002年香港珊瑚REE含量年际下降趋势十分明显,Ce负异常和重稀土富集的程度也呈加剧的趋势,分布模式向海水相转化。REE含量与海平面的年际变化之间有显著的负相关关系(r=-0.7～-0.9),而且重稀土与海平面的相关系数优于轻稀土。上述结果揭示了热带滨珊瑚对近期全球变暖、极冰融化和海水膨胀所引起的海平面快速上升的响应。