Cloning of a chub metallothionein cDNA and development of competitive RT-PCR of chub metallothionein mRNA as a potential biomarker of heavy metal exposure

Metallothionein has been assayed in a range of aquatic animal tissues as an indicator of metal exposure. We sequenced chub (Leuciscus cephalus) metallothionein cDNA which showed over 90% homology to common carp, goldfish and stone loach and 77% homology to rainbow trout sequences for metallothionein. We then used the extended primer method to develop an accurate quantitative competitive RT-PCR assay for metallothionein mRNA. RT-PCR was used to measure metallothionein mRNA in feral chub from a range of field sites, with different levels of heavy metal pollution, in the West Midlands, UK. Measurements were complemented by analysis of liver and gill metallothionein protein by capillary electrophoresis. There was no significant difference in the metallothionein protein levels between fish of different rivers and there was no evidence of elevation of mRNA at the sites of highest metal exposure. The level of metal exposure (e.g. zinc, nickel and cadmium each ranging between 15 and 28 microg/l ) at the pH (7.5-8.5) of these rivers appears insufficient to elevate hepatic or gill metallothionein in chub. A lack of elevation of hepatic metallothionein mRNA in chub exposed to zinc, copper and manganese for 24 h and 10 days in the laboratory also suggests a non-responsiveness of this species.     

Correlative changes in metabolism and DNA damage in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) exposed to benzo[a]pyrene

Juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were injected intraperitoneally with either corn oil or 5 mg/kg benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) dissolved in corn oil and sampled I and 3 days after injection. After 1 day, no elevation of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was observed, however bile metabolites (BaP-7,8 dihydrodiol representing 70% of the total metabolites) and a single hepatic DNA adduct spot (0.47 adducts/10(8) nucleotides) identified by 32P-postlabelling were formed. No BaP metabolites or DNA adducts were observed in either control or carrier control fish. Fish sampled after 3 days reported 5-fold higher (P < 0.05) levels of EROD activity, a shift in the bile metabolite profile towards BaP phenol formation (1OH and 30H BaP comprising up to 60% of total metabolites detected) and the formation of two adduct spots (0.86 and 0.71 adducts/10(8) nucleotides). These results show that BaP can be metabolised and form hydrophobic DNA adducts in turbot without EROD elevation. Following EROD elevation, a shift in the profile of both BaP metabolites and BaP metabolite-DNA interactions occurs indicative of other oxidative processes.     

大西洋中脊超镁铁质岩中热液硫化物中的合金—铜组合

发育于超镁铁质岩基底上的Ｌｏｇａｔｃｈｅｖ热液活动区的硫化物,表现出富铜和富锌矿物组合的双峰式分布特点,二者均有较高的金含量。富铜的火山口号有现为一种不同寻常的洼地地貌,少有筒状结构。富铜样品显示出主要为金－铜矿物组合以及小规模交代和再造作用过程中金富集的证据。火山口地貌、Ａｕ／Ａｇ值以及硫化作用状态表明,在富铜样品中,金不是以Ａｕ（ＳＨ）２＾－的形式运移的。     

基于局域自适应信息理论测度学习的高光谱目标探测方法

传统基于信号检测的目标探测方法需要依赖特定的统计假设,只有在符合条件的情况下才能取得较好的目标探测结果。为了克服这一缺陷,提出了一种基于局域自适应的信息理论测度学习方法。首先将信息理论测度学习方法作为目标主函数,然后加以局域自适应决策法则进行约束,自适应地减小相似样本对距离,增大不相似样本对距离,使得在考虑阈值的同时兼顾测度学习前后距离的改变情况来进行目标探测决策,从而更好地实现目标探测。实验证明,该方法与其他经典目标探测方法或测度学习方法相比,可以更好地实现目标与背景分离,能够更有效地对高光谱影像数据进行目标探测。     

A Model for Structure Formation Seeded by Gravitationally Produced Matter

The Arecibo H i Strip Survey probed the halos of approximately 300 cataloged galaxies and the environments of approximately 14 groups with sensitivity to neutral hydrogen masses >/=107 M middle dot in circle. The survey detected no objects with properties resembling the high-velocity clouds (HVCs) associated with the Milky Way or Local Group. If the HVCs were typically MHi=107.5 M middle dot in circle objects distributed throughout groups and galaxy halos at distances of approximately 1 Mpc, the survey should have made approximately 70 HVC detections in groups and approximately 250 detections around galaxies. The null detection implies that HVCs are deployed at typical distances of 相似文献   

一种自适应匹配子空间亚像元目标探测方法

为了克服基于线性混合模型的高光谱遥感影像亚像元目标探测方法的缺陷, 提出了一种基于全限制性线性分解的自适应匹配子空间探测方法。首先利用交叉相关光谱匹配技术求得各个像元所含端元类别信息, 然后根据端元类别信息和全限制性分解的结果构造自适应匹配子空间探测算子, 利用端元类别信息在探测中动态选择端元, 降低端元数目估计偏差对探测结果的影响, 提高探测器对目标与背景的可分性。实验证明, 该方法与其他基于线性混合模型的亚像元目标探测方法相比, 可以更好地克服端元数目估计偏差对探测结果的影响, 无论是端元个数低估还是     

三门峡水库越冬大天鹅栖息地选择研究

人类活动对越冬大天鹅(Cygnus cygnus)栖息地的负面影响日益加剧,以黄河三门峡水库为例,由于越冬大天鹅缺少可利用的栖息地,大天鹅越冬时过高的种群密度导致了禽流感疫情的发生,直接威胁着越冬大天鹅的生存和繁衍。大天鹅栖息地选择研究是其栖息地修复和种群分布研究的基础。从影响越冬大天鹅选择栖息地的水源、食物、干扰、隐蔽物4方面选择了10个可能因子,探讨越冬大天鹅栖息地选择机制。利用2015年11月至2016年2月越冬大天鹅分布实测数据,考虑到大天鹅分布的"1-0"型特点,采用Logistic回归模型,开展研究。利用遥感和GIS空间分析技术,提取变量,经显著性检验,最终筛选出用于建立模型的7个变量,其贡献率水平从高到低依次为与投食点的距离、与水体的距离、与小麦地的距离、与道路的距离、土地利用类型、归一化植被指数和坡度。通过建立不同土地利用类型的回归模型,预测越冬大天鹅出现概率的空间分布,与观测值建立误差错判矩阵,得到的Kappa系数为0.78。在三门峡水库,由于冬季食物匮乏,大天鹅在越冬期多选择靠近人类投食点和种植冬小麦的区域,其主要越冬栖息地的土地利用类型为植物覆盖较少、坡度较缓的开阔坑塘水面、滩地和洪泛湿地。